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Chapter 3: Problem 1

Suppose you wish to compare the average class size of mathematics classes to the average class size of English classes in your high school. Which is the most appropriate technique for gathering the needed data? (A) Census (B) Sample survey (C) Experiment (D) Observational study (E) None of these methods is appropriate.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(B) Sample survey

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Requirement

To compare the average class sizes of mathematics and English classes, data on class size in both subjects is required.
02

- Define Techniques

Understand each data gathering technique: (A) Census: Collects data from every member of the population. (B) Sample survey: Collects data from a subset of the population. (C) Experiment: Involves manipulating one variable to see the effect on another. (D) Observational study: Involves collecting data without manipulation. (E) None: Implies none of the above methods would work.
03

- Evaluate Techniques

Evaluate each one:- Census: Impractical to gather data from every class in the school.- Sample survey: Efficient and practical, can represent the entire population if done correctly.- Experiment: Not appropriate, since manipulation of variables is not required.- Observational study: Suitable for collecting existing class sizes without manipulation but may lack representativeness if all classes aren鈥檛 observed.- None: Not suitable, appropriate methods exist.
04

- Choose the Best Technique

The most suitable technique is (B) Sample survey, as it allows for practical and representative data collection from a subset of classes.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Census
A census aims to gather data from every individual in a population. Imagine trying to find the average size of all mathematics and English classes by including every single class in your high school. This would mean counting students in each class without missing any.
This method is highly accurate because it considers everyone, leaving no room for sampling error. However, it can be impractical and time-consuming for large populations, like a whole school. Thus, while it's thorough, a census isn't always the best choice for efficiency, especially if resources are limited.
Sample Survey
Sample surveys involve collecting data from a subset of the population and using that to infer conclusions about the whole population. Suppose you randomly select a few math and English classes and determine their sizes. From this, you estimate the average class size for each subject in the entire school.
This technique is practical and time-efficient. When done correctly, with a well-chosen sample, it provides a reliable representation of the population without the exhaustive effort required by a census. This is why it is often preferred in many research settings, including the given problem of comparing class sizes.
Observational Study
An observational study involves collecting data without manipulating any variables. You simply observe and record what naturally occurs. In the context of examining class sizes, this would mean noting down the sizes of math and English classes as they currently exist without any intervention.
While straightforward and non-intrusive, observational studies might miss broader representativeness if they don't cover all variations within the population. However, it can still offer valuable insights, particularly when intervention is neither possible nor ethical.
Data Collection Techniques
Several data collection techniques are employed in research to gather the necessary information:
  • Census: Comprehensive but often impractical for large groups.
  • Sample Survey: Efficient and representative if the sample is chosen correctly.
  • Experiment: Involves variable manipulation to observe effects, not suitable for simply comparing class sizes.
  • Observational Study: Non-intrusive data gathering without intervention, may lack full population representation.
  • None: Implies no suitable method exists, less likely when there are available techniques fitting the research requirements.
Choosing the right technique depends on the research goals, population size, and available resources.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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