Chapter 5: Problem 2
Exer. 1-2: Change to logarithmic form. (a) \(3^{5}=243\) (b) \(3^{-4}=\frac{1}{81}\) (c) \(c^{p}=d\) (d) \(7^{x}=100 p\) (e) \(3^{-2 x}=\frac{P}{F}\) (f) \((0.9)^{t}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Short Answer
Expert verified
(a) \(\log_3 243 = 5\), (b) \(\log_3 \frac{1}{81} = -4\), (c) \(\log_c d = p\), (d) \(\log_7 (100p) = x\), (e) \(\log_3 \frac{P}{F} = -2x\), (f) \(\log_{0.9} \frac{1}{2} = t\).
Step by step solution
01
Understanding Exponential to Logarithmic Conversion
To convert an exponential equation of the form \(a^b = c\) to logarithmic form, use the conversion formula: \(\log_a c = b\). This formula states that the exponent \(b\) is the logarithm of \(c\) with base \(a\).
02
Convert (a) to Logarithmic Form
For the equation \(3^5 = 243\), apply the formula to convert it into logarithmic form: \(\log_3 243 = 5\).
03
Convert (b) to Logarithmic Form
For the equation \(3^{-4} = \frac{1}{81}\), use the same formula: \(\log_3 \frac{1}{81} = -4\).
04
Convert (c) to Logarithmic Form
The general form \(c^p = d\) converts to logarithmic form as: \(\log_c d = p\).
05
Convert (d) to Logarithmic Form
For \(7^x = 100p\), convert to logarithmic form: \(\log_7 (100p) = x\).
06
Convert (e) to Logarithmic Form
For \(3^{-2x} = \frac{P}{F}\), convert to logarithmic form as: \(\log_3 \frac{P}{F} = -2x\).
07
Convert (f) to Logarithmic Form
Convert \((0.9)^t = \frac{1}{2}\) to logarithmic form: \(\log_{0.9} \frac{1}{2} = t\).
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Exponential to Logarithmic Conversion
Exponential equations express numbers as powers of a base. To convert these equations into a form that uses logarithms, we use a simple conversion technique. Understanding this conversion is vital for solving various mathematical problems. The core idea is that any exponential equation of the form \(a^b = c\) can be expressed in logarithmic form as \(\log_a c = b\). Here, the base \(a\) is retained, while the results and exponent switch roles. This transformation is crucial because it allows us to work with powers in a more manageable format, especially when solving for variables in exponential equations. Remembering this formula makes logarithmic conversions straightforward. It's a helpful tool in algebra and beyond.
Logarithm Base
The logarithm base is an essential component when changing from exponential to logarithmic form. In an expression with a base \(a\), the logarithm's base must also be \(a\). This base determines what power the base must be raised to, to get the exponential result.
- The base \(a\) in \(a^b = c\) becomes the base of the log in \(\log_a c = b\).
- The concept of the base is consistent across various equations, making it a pivotal part of understanding logarithms.
- Logarithms with a base of 10 are known as common logarithms, while those with a base of \(e\) are natural logarithms.
Exponential Equations
Exponential equations are equations where variables appear as exponents. They are vital across many mathematical fields and real-world applications like finance and physics. Typically, these equations are in the form \(a^b = c\). Solving them directly is challenging, which is why converting them to logarithmic form is useful.Steps involved in working with exponential equations often include:
- Identifying the base, exponent, and result in the equation.
- Applying logarithms to both sides when necessary to solve for the variable.
- Understanding how the exponential growth or decay impacts the equation's context.
Step-by-Step Conversion
A step-by-step approach to converting exponential equations into logarithmic form ensures that every element is understood thoroughly. Following a logical sequence helps eliminate errors and builds a strong conceptual foundation.Here's how to proceed with conversion:
- Identify the exponential equation structure \(a^b = c\).
- Apply the conversion formula \(\log_a c = b\).
- Check each conversion step for accuracy, ensuring the basis remains consistent across the transformation.
- Practice with various forms of exponential equations to gain confidence in conversion.
Algebraic Equations
Algebraic equations encompass a wide range of mathematical problems, including those that involve exponential and logarithmic forms. Mastering these equations requires understanding how different types interact and transform.
Here's what to remember:
- Solve exponential equations by converting them to logarithmic form for easier manipulation.
- Understand the role of inverses in algebra which plays into logarithmic conversions.
- Use algebraic properties to combine or simplify equations, making them easier to manage.
- Incorporate logarithmic understanding in solving real-world algebraic problems, where exponential growth or decay is modeled.