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Chapter 9: Problem 57

Explain why a matrix that does not have the same number of rows and columns cannot have a multiplicative inverse.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A matrix which doesn't have the same number of rows and columns can't have a multiplicative inverse because it is not a square matrix, and one of the requirements for a matrix to have an inverse is that it has to be a square matrix.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Inverses

A multiplicative inverse, or simply an inverse, of a matrix is a matrix which, when multiplied by the original matrix, gives the identity matrix. The identity matrix is a special kind of square matrix where all the elements along the main diagonal are 1 and all other elements are 0. Further, the inverse of a square matrix A (if it exists) is noted as A^{-1}.
02

The Requirements for a Matrix to have an Inverse

For a matrix to have an inverse, it needs to satisfy a couple of requirements. 1) It has to be a square matrix - meaning it must have the same number of rows and columns. 2) It has to be non-singular, that is, its determinant is not zero. Singular matrices (determinant is zero) do not have an inverse because their rank is less than the number of their rows (or columns), thus, they cannot span the whole space of possible solutions.
03

Relating the Matrix's Shape and the existence of an Inverse

In the case of matrices that don't have the same number of rows and columns, they cannot have a multiplicative inverse simply because they are not square matrices - they do not satisfy the basic requirement of being a square matrix. No operation of matrix multiplication with any other matrix would yield an identity matrix with non-square matrices. This is because the identity matrix itself is a square matrix - the product of two non-square matrices can never produce a square matrix.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe how to multiply matrices.

Find (if possible) the following matrices: a. \(A B\) b. \(B A\) $$ A=\left[\begin{array}{ll} {4} & {2} \\ {6} & {1} \\ {3} & {5} \end{array}\right], \quad B=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} {2} & {3} & {4} \\ {-1} & {-2} & {0} \end{array}\right] $$

Solve each system of equations using matrices. Use Gaussian elimination with back-substitution or Gauss-Jordan elimination. $$ \left\\{\begin{array}{l} {2 x+2 y+7 z=-1} \\ {2 x+y+2 z=2} \\ {4 x+6 y+z=15} \end{array}\right. $$

Perform the indicated matrix operations given that \(A, B,\) and \(C\) are defined as follows. If an operation is not defined, state the reason. $$ A=\left[\begin{array}{rr} {4} & {0} \\ {-3} & {5} \\ {0} & {1} \end{array}\right] \quad B=\left[\begin{array}{rr} {5} & {1} \\ {-2} & {-2} \end{array}\right] \quad C=\left[\begin{array}{rr} {1} & {-1} \\ {-1} & {1} \end{array}\right] $$ $$ A(C B) $$

Solve each system of equations using matrices. Use Gaussian elimination with back-substitution or Gauss-Jordan elimination. $$ \left\\{\begin{array}{r} {2 x+y=z+1} \\ {2 x=1+3 y-z} \\ {x+y+z=4} \end{array}\right. $$
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