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Use properties of logarithms to expand each logarithmic expression as much as possible. Where possible, evaluate logarithmic expressions without using a calculator. $$ \log \left(\frac{x}{1000}\right) $$

Short Answer

Expert verified
\(\log x - 3\)

Step by step solution

01

- Apply the Quotient Rule

Firstly, apply the quotient rule. The quotient rule states that \(\log (b/c) = \log b - \log c\). By using this rule on the given expression \(\log \left(\frac{x}{1000}\right)\), it can be rewritten as \(\log x - \log 1000\)
02

- Evaluate the Logarithm

The next step is to evaluate \(\log 1000\). In log base 10, \(\log 1000\) is equivalent to 3 because 10 to the power of 3 is 1000. So, this further simplifies our initial expression to \(\log x - 3\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Quotient Rule of Logarithms
Logarithms can look challenging, but understanding their properties can simplify complex expressions. One significant property is the Quotient Rule of Logarithms. What does it mean? When you have a logarithm of a division, like \( \log\left(\frac{a}{b}\right) \), you can split it into a subtraction of two logs: \( \log(a) - \log(b) \).

This is incredibly useful because it takes a single log of a quotient and breaks it down into two easier parts. Imagine you're breaking a cookie into two pieces so you can share it with a friend - the Quotient Rule does the same with logarithmic expressions! By applying this rule, we take a step towards simplifying and evaluating the expression without needing any complex calculations or a calculator.
Evaluating Logarithms
Getting to grips with evaluating logarithms is a bit like learning to read a map. Once you know what you're looking for, you're in a great position to find your way!

Evaluating is all about turning the abstract concept of a log into a concrete number. It's important to remember that \( \log_b(a) \) is asking the question, 'to what power should b be raised to get a?'. If you can reframe \( \log_b(a) \) in that way, you'll see it's more straightforward than it first appears.

For example, when we evaluate \( \log (1000) \) and remember that the default base is 10, we're asking for the power to which 10 must be raised to result in 1000. Since \( 10^3 = 1000 \), the evaluation gives us 3. This is much like stating that it takes 3 steps to move from 10 to 1000 on a logarithmic scale.
Logarithmic Expressions
Handling logarithmic expressions is a key skill in math. Think of these expressions as sentences written in the language of logarithms. Understanding how to manipulate and interpret these 'sentences' is crucial for solving many mathematical problems.

A logarithmic expression involves components such as the base, the argument, and the value of the log. The expression \( \log_b(a) \) includes the base \( b \), upon which the logarithm is built, and the argument \( a \) – the number we're taking the log of.

Simple expressions can be evaluated directly, but sometimes they'll include variables, as in our example \( \log(x) \). When variables are involved, our aim is to simplify the expression, applying properties like the Quotient Rule to make it clearer and isolating the variable where possible. This process can reveal profound insights about the relationships between numbers in various logarithmic contexts.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The function \(P(x)=95-30 \log _{2} x\) models the percentage, \(P(x),\) of students who could recall the important features of a classroom lecture as a function of time, where \(x\) represents the number of days that have elapsed since the lecture was given. The figure at the top of the next column shows the graph of the function. Use this information to solve Exercises \(117-118\). Round answers to one decimal place. After how many days have all students forgotten the important features of the classroom lecture? (Let \(P(x)=0\) and solve for \(x\).) Locate the point on the graph that conveys this information.

By 2019 , nearly \(\$$ I out of every \)\$ 5\( spent in the U.S. economy is projected to go for health care. The bar graph shows the percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product \)(G D P)\( going toward health care from 2007 through \)2014,\( with a projection for 2019 The data can be modeled by the function \)f(x)=1.2 \ln x+15.7\( where \)f(x)\( is the percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product going toward health care \)x\( years after \)2006 .\( Use this information to solve. a. Use the function to determine the percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product that went toward health care in \)2009 .\( Round to the nearest tenth of a percent. Does this underestimate or overestimate the percent displayed by the graph? By how much? b. According to the model, when will \)18.5 \%$ of the U.S. gross domestic product go toward health care? Round to the nearest year.

Hurricanes are one of nature's most destructive forces. These low-pressure areas often have diameters of over 500 miles. The function \(f(x)=0.48 \ln (x+1)+27\) models the barometric air pressure, \(f(x),\) in inches of mercury, at a distance of \(x\) miles from the eye of a hurricane. Use this function to solve. Use an equation to answer this question: How far from the eye of a hurricane is the barometric air pressure 29 inches of mercury? Use the TRACE and ZOOM features or the intersect command of your graphing utility to verify your answer.

Determine whether each statement makes sense or does not make sense, and explain your reasoning. Because logarithms are exponents, the product, quotient, and power rules remind me of properties for operations with exponents.

If \(\$ 4000\) is deposited into an account paying \(3 \%\) interest compounded annually and at the same time \(\$ 2000\) is deposited into an account paying \(5 \%\) interest compounded annually, after how long will the two accounts have the same balance? Round to the nearest year.

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