Chapter 0: Problem 64
Factor the expression completely. $$ x^{6}+64 $$
Short Answer
Expert verified
The complete factorization is \((x^2 + 4)(x^4 - 4x^2 + 16)\).
Step by step solution
01
Recognize Sum of Two Terms
The given expression is \( x^6 + 64 \). Notice that this is a sum of two terms: \( x^6 \) and \( 64 \), which is a perfect sixth power. We can rewrite \( 64 \) as \( (2^3)^2 \) or simply \( 2^6 \). This expression is structured as \( a^6 + b^6 \), where \( a = x \) and \( b = 2 \).
02
Apply the Sum of Two Even Powers Formula
To factor expressions like \( a^6 + b^6 \), we can use the identity: \( a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2b^2 + b^4) \). For our expression, we substitute \( a = x \) and \( b = 2 \):\[x^6 + 2^6 = (x^2 + 2^2)(x^4 - x^2 \, \cdot \, 2^2 + 2^4)\]
03
Simplify Each Factor
Now, simplify the factors obtained in the previous step. For the first factor:\( x^2 + 2^2 = x^2 + 4 \).For the second factor:\( x^4 - x^2 \, \cdot \, 4 + 16 \), which simplifies to:\( x^4 - 4x^2 + 16 \).Thus, the complete factorization of \( x^6 + 64 \) is \((x^2 + 4)(x^4 - 4x^2 + 16)\).
04
Verify the Factorization
To ensure the factorization is correct, we can expand \((x^2 + 4)(x^4 - 4x^2 + 16)\) to see if it results in \( x^6 + 64 \).First, distribute \( x^2 + 4 \) over \( x^4 - 4x^2 + 16 \):- \( x^2 \cdot x^4 = x^6 \)- \( x^2 \cdot (-4x^2) = -4x^4 \)- \( x^2 \cdot 16 = 16x^2 \)- \( 4 \cdot x^4 = 4x^4 \)- \( 4 \cdot (-4x^2) = -16x^2 \)- \( 4 \cdot 16 = 64 \)Combine like terms and you will get:\( x^6 + 0x^4 + 0x^2 + 64 \), which simplifies to \( x^6 + 64 \). This confirms that our factorization is correct.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Sum of Even Powers
At first glance, factoring expressions like \( x^6 + 64 \) can be tricky, but understanding the concept of the 'sum of even powers' makes it a lot easier. When dealing with this type of expression, we identify each term as an even power. In this case:
- \( x^6 \) is already an even power.
- \( 64 \) can be rewritten as \( 2^6 \), another even power.
Algebraic Identities
Algebraic identities are essential tools for simplifying and factoring polynomial expressions. The sum of even powers utilizes a specific identity:\[ a^6 + b^6 = (a^2 + b^2)(a^4 - a^2b^2 + b^4)\]This identity helps in reducing the complexity of seemingly difficult expressions. Applying this to our example:
- Set \( a = x \) and \( b = 2 \).
- Substitute into the identity to get \((x^2 + 2^2)(x^4 - x^2 \cdot 2^2 + 2^4)\).
- \( x^2 + 4 \)
- \( x^4 - 4x^2 + 16 \)
Polynomial Expressions
Polynomial expressions are mathematical expressions involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by coefficients. Our task involves factoring such polynomial expressions. While the problem at hand is specific—factoring \( x^6 + 64 \)—it models the general principle of simplifying expressions and finding factorial components.
- First, recognize the overall structure of the polynomial.
- Identify any algebraic identities or theorems applicable to simplify the expression.
- Execute proper simplification steps and verify by expanding to check that the result matches the initial expression.