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Chapter 15: Problem 1

Adelaide said that since, in Example \(2,\) there are 10 employees whose ages are in the \(45-49\) interval, there must be two employees of age \(45 .\) Do you agree with Adelaide? Explain why or why not.

Short Answer

Expert verified
No, without specific age data, we can't confirm that two employees are exactly 45.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

Adelaide is making a claim about the distribution of ages within a specified interval. We need to analyze if the existence of 10 employees in the age range 45-49 implies that exactly two of them are 45.
02

Recall the Data Distribution

Review what a frequency distribution is: it groups data into intervals. Here, the interval 45-49 includes all ages from 45 to 49.
03

Analyze the Implication

Adelaide assumes that out of the 10 people grouped in the 45-49 age interval, at least two are exactly 45. However, a frequency count of 10 does not specify how many exactly fall at any specific age, such as 45, within that interval.
04

Consider Possible Distributions

Consider alternative distributions: All 10 employees could be aged 46, 47, 48, or 49 instead of 45. Without additional data, it's impossible to confirm the ages of the individuals just from the frequency.
05

Conclusion

Explain that without specific information about age distribution within the interval of 45-49, the assumption that two employees are exactly aged 45 is unfounded.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Data Intervals
Data intervals are key to organizing data in a way that makes it easier to analyze and interpret. They are consecutive ranges or groups of continuous values.
In the context of Adelaide鈥檚 statement, the interval is 45-49. This means that all ages that fall within 45 to 49 are considered part of this group.

This helps in simplifying data into manageable sections without needing to list every individual value, especially with large datasets.
  • Data intervals can be in any range, depending on the nature of the data and the purpose of the study.
  • Choosing optimal intervals depends on data spread, size, and the level of detail required.
  • A narrower interval provides detailed insight, while a wider interval can reveal broader trends.
Understanding data intervals is crucial for avoiding confusion, as one might mistakenly believe specific values within an interval hold certain characteristics, much like Adelaide's assumption regarding age 45.
Exploring Age Distribution
Age distribution helps in understanding the spread of various ages within a particular dataset. In Adelaide's example, the 10 employees fall within the 45-49 age bracket.

This doesn't specify how many employees belong to a specific age within this range. Therefore, without additional data, asserting a precise age distribution is incorrect.
  • Age distribution reflects the number of individuals within each age or age group.
  • It facilitates demographic analyses, assisting organizations in workforce planning, targeting promotions, and more.
  • Specific age counting requires a detailed breakdown which a single frequency number, like Adelaide's 10, cannot provide.
In summary, while age distribution offers an overview, detailed information is necessary to pinpoint exact figures, and one must be cautious about drawing specific conclusions from grouped data.
Frequency Count Clarified
Frequency count is simply the number of occurrences of a data point in a dataset. In frequency distribution, this translates to the number of items within each data interval.

In our example, the frequency count shows 10 employees between ages 45 and 49. However, all this states is the total number鈥攏ot how many are of a certain age like 45.
  • Frequency count shows how often data points appear in each data interval.
  • It helps in quickly understanding the distribution of data across intervals.
  • However, it cannot alone determine the exact spread of data within an interval.
This makes it crucial to have additional information when specific details are necessary, reinforcing the point that Adelaide's assumption lacks basis without more detailed data.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The table shows the number of robberies during a given month in 40 different towns of a state. Find the standard deviation based on this sample \(\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Robberies } & {0} & {1} & {2} & {3} & {4} & {5} & {6} & {7} & {8} & {9} & {10} \\ \hline \text { Frequency } & {1} & {1} & {1} & {2} & {2} & {6} & {10} & {7} & {7} & {2} & {1} \\\ \hline\end{array}\)

Each time Mrs. Taggart fills the tank of her car, she estimates, from the number of miles driven and the number of gallons of gasoline needed to fill the tank, the fuel efficiency of her car, that is, the number of miles per gallon. The table shows the result of the last 20 times that she filled the car. a. Find the mean and the median fuel efficiency (miles per gallon) for her car. b. Find the percentile rank of 34 miles per gallon. $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \text { Miles per } & {32} & {33} & {34} & {35} & {36} & {37} & {38} & {39} & {40} \\ \hline \text { Gallon } & {} & {} & {1} & {3} & {2} & {5} & {3} & {3} & {2} & {0} & {1} \\\ \hline\end{array} $$

In \(9-14,\) find the median and the first and third quartiles for each set of data values. \(75,72,69,68,66,65,64,63,63,61,60,59,59,58,56,54,52,50\)

In \(3-9,\) for a normal distribution, determine what percent of the data values are in each given range. Between 1 standard deviation below the mean and 2 standard deviations above the mean

In \(15-19\) a. Draw a scatter plot for each data set. Based on the scatter plot, would the correlation coefficient be close to \(-1,0,\) or 1\(?\) Explain. c. Use a calculator to find the correlation coefficient for each set of data. The table below shows the five-day forecast and the actual high temperature for the fifth day over the course of 18 days. The temperature is given in degrees Fahrenheit.
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