Chapter 14: Problem 26
Solve each equation for \(0 \leq \theta<2 \pi\). $$ (\cos \theta)(\cos \theta+1)=0 $$
Short Answer
Expert verified
Solutions to the equation \((\cos \theta)(\cos \theta+1)=0\) are: \(\theta=\pi/2\), \(\theta=3\pi/2\), and \(\theta=\pi\).
Step by step solution
01
Set Each Factor to Zero
The equation can be broken down into two separate equations by setting each factor to zero: \(cos \theta=0\) and \(cos \theta+1=0\) which simplifies to \(cos \theta=-1\).
02
Solve the First Equation
Solving \(cos \theta=0\) for \(\theta\) gives us two solutions in the range \(0 \leq \theta<2 \pi\). By the unit circle or cos graph, these are \(\theta=\pi/2\) and \(\theta=3\pi/2\).
03
Solve the Second Equation
Next, we solve \(cos \theta=-1\) for \(\theta\). This gives us one solution in the given range, namely \(\theta=\pi\).
04
Combine all the Solutions
Combining the solutions from Steps 2 and 3, the full solutions to the equation \((\cos \theta)(\cos \theta+1)=0\) in the range \(0 \leq \theta<2 \pi\) are \(\theta=\pi/2\), \(\theta=3\pi/2\), and \(\theta=\pi\).
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Unit Circle
The unit circle is a valuable tool in trigonometry, simplifying complex problems by providing a visual representation of angles and their corresponding trigonometric values. Imagine a circle with a radius of 1. The center is at the origin of a coordinate system. Each point on the circle represents an angle in radians measured from the positive x-axis. This allows us to easily understand the relationship between angles and the values of trigonometric functions like sine and cosine.
- The x-coordinate of a point on the unit circle gives the cosine of the angle.
- The y-coordinate represents the sine of the angle.
Cosine Function
The cosine function is a fundamental part of trigonometry, and understanding it is key to solving trigonometric equations. This function associates an angle with a value between -1 and 1. The cosine of an angle (\(\theta\)) is the x-coordinate of the point where the corresponding angle intersects the unit circle.
- When (\(\theta\)) is 0 or (\(2\pi\)), \(\cos\theta\) equals 1.
- At (\(\pi\)), \(\cos\theta\) is -1.
- For (\(\pi/2\)) and (\(3\pi/2\)), \(\cos\theta\) is 0.
Solving Equations
Solving trigonometric equations often involves transforming the equation into a simpler form, identifying where the function's value occurs, and then finding the corresponding angles. This process can be broken down into a few straightforward steps:
- Break the equation into simpler parts. This involves setting each factor of the equation to zero.
- Determine which trigonometric value is needed. In our example, we have (\(\cos \theta = 0\)) and (\(\cos \theta = -1\)).
- Utilize tools like the unit circle or trigonometric graphs to find where these specific values occur within the specified range.
Angle Solutions
Finding the angle solutions for a trigonometric equation is the final step in the solving process. Once you've determined where a function equals a certain value, like (\(\cos\theta = 0\)) or (\(\cos\theta = -1\)), it's time to identify what those corresponding angles are within the required domain.
In our example, we use the unit circle and cosine graph to find:
In our example, we use the unit circle and cosine graph to find:
- For (\(\cos \theta = 0\)), the angles are (\(\theta = \pi/2\)) and (\(\theta = 3\pi/2\)).
- For (\(\cos \theta = -1\)), the angle is (\(\theta = \pi\)).