Chapter 10: Problem 8
Discuss the nature of the solutions for \(0
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Chapter 10: Problem 8
Discuss the nature of the solutions for \(0
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Prove that under the conditions stated in the theorem of Section \(10.7\) the solution \(u(x, t)\) satisfying initial conditions (10.78) must have the form \(\left(10.75^{\prime}\right)\) and is hence uniquely determined. [Hint: Under the assumptions made, \(u(x, t)\) has a representation as a Fourier sine series in \(x\) : $$ u=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \phi_{n}(t) \sin n x, \quad \phi_{n}(t)=\frac{2}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} u(x, t) \sin n x d x . $$ Differentiate the second equation twice with respect to \(t\), using Leibnitz's Rule (Section 4.9) and integration by parts to show that \(\phi_{n}^{\prime \prime}(t)+a^{2} n^{2} \phi_{n}(t)=0\). Hence \(\phi_{n}(t)=\alpha_{n} \sin (\) nat \()+\beta_{n} \cos (n a t)\).
Determine the solution, for \(t>0,0
Prove that constants \(c_{n}\) can be chosen in one and only one way so that $$ u_{\sigma}(t)=\sum_{n=1}^{N} c_{n} \phi_{n}(\sigma) e^{-a_{n} t} $$ is a solution of the exponential decay problem (Problem 10) and matches given initial conditions: \(u_{\sigma}(0)=f(\sigma)\) (cf. Problem 9).
Let \(m_{1}=m_{2}=\cdots=m_{N}=m, h_{\sigma}=0\) and \(F_{\sigma}(t) \equiv 0\) for \(\sigma=1, \ldots, N\) and \(u_{0}=\) \(u_{N+1}=0\) in (10.51), so that one has case (a), with equal masses. Show that the substitution \(u_{\sigma}=A(\sigma) \sin (\lambda t+\epsilon)\) leads to the difference equation with boundary conditions: $$ \begin{aligned} \Delta^{2} A(\sigma)+p^{2} A(\sigma) &=0, & & p^{2}=m \lambda^{2} / k^{2}, \\ A(0) &=0, & A(N+1)=0 . \end{aligned} $$ Use the result of Problem \(5(\mathrm{~d})\) to obtain the \(N\) normal modes a $$ \begin{aligned} u_{\sigma}(t) &=\sin \left(\frac{n \pi}{N+1} \sigma\right) \sin \left(\lambda_{n} t+\epsilon_{n}\right) \\ \lambda_{n} &=\frac{2 k}{\sqrt{m}} \sin \frac{n \pi}{2(N+1)}, \quad n=1 \ldots, N . \end{aligned} $$ Show that \(0<\lambda_{1}<\lambda_{2}<\cdots<\lambda_{N}\).
Using the results of Problem 4, determine the general solution of the heat conduction problem: $$ \begin{aligned} &\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-c^{2} \nabla^{2} u=0, \quad x^{2}+y^{2}<1 \\ &u(x, y, t)=0 \quad \text { for } x^{2}+y^{2}=1 \end{aligned} $$
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