/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 78 Suppose three circles, each of r... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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Suppose three circles, each of radius 1 , go through the same point in the plane. Let \(A\) be the set of points which lie inside at least two of the circles. What is the smallest area \(A\) can have?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The smallest area that can lie in at least two circles of radius 1, determined geometrically, has necessary repeating segment.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the problem

Three circles of radius 1 intersect at a single point. The goal is to find the smallest possible area contained by at least two of these circles.
02

- Visualize the problem

Draw three circles that all intersect at a single point. Notice that the area of interest is formed by the overlapping regions of the circles.
03

- Consider the geometry of circles

Each circle has a radius of 1. Since the circles intersect at a common point, consider how the circles overlap in pairs and the resulting shape of the overlapping regions.
04

- Analyze the overlaps

When two circles of radius 1 intersect, the overlapping area forms a lens-shaped region called the 'lens'. This region consists of two circular segments.
05

- Calculate the area of one lens

The area of one lens can be determined by the formula: For two intersecting circles with radius 1 and distance between their centers also being 1, the lens area becomes Integral Calculation (using calculus or known formulas) area of lens segment = Essentially twice the area of one segment. Let, area according to each segment sum as it produces equal shared in Total.
06

- Find the total area

Use three times above area and remove extra unneeded segments from three lengths Segment - equidistant centre-point intersections geometry sum of all

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Overlapping Circles
Imagine you have three circles, each with a radius of 1, all intersecting at a single point. This is a key concept: overlapping circles. When circles overlap, they share common areas. These shared areas can have unique shapes and properties, which become crucial in calculating complex geometrical areas. In our exercise, the goal is to find the smallest area formed by the intersection of at least two of these circles. Visualizing the overlap helps to understand that the intersecting parts are where the circles merge together, creating new geometrical forms.
Lens-Shaped Region
When two circles intersect, the overlapping area forms a shape known as a 'lens-shaped region' or simply a 'lens.' This region appears as the common area between two circles and resembles the shape of a lens. Understanding the lens is essential because it contains the circle segments formed by the overlap. In our exercise, recognizing the lens-shaped region helps narrow down where to focus our attention. This region is symmetrical and helps us simplify further calculations by maintaining specific curved boundaries defined by the circles.
Area Calculation
Calculating areas involving complex shapes can be tricky. For overlapping circles, we consider the area of the lens-shaped region. Let’s break it down:
1. Identify the lens as the common overlap of any two circles.
2. Calculate the area of the lens for circles with a 1-unit radius. For circles with equal radius intersecting at a point where the distance between centers is the radius, the area of overlap can be determined using calculus.
\[ \text{Area of lens} = 2 \times \text{Area of one segment} \] This is because the lens is effectively composed of two circular segments. To further simplify, we sum the areas of these segments and consider their symmetrical parts.
Circle Segments
A circle segment is a region bounded by a chord and the corresponding arc. To find the area of a lens, we need to determine the area of these segments. A segment area can be calculated as:
3. Use the formula for the circle segment: \[ \text{Area of a segment} = r^2 \times \text{arccos}\frac{d}{2r} - \frac{d \times \sqrt{4r^2 - d^2}}{2} \] where \( d \) is the distance between the centers of the circles;
4. If \( r = 1 \) and \( d = 1 \), simplifying these values into the formula allows us to find the segment area.
Summarizing the final area calculation helps us understand the total overlapping area and how much of the multi-intersected regions actually contribute to the final answer in our problem.

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