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Solve each system by elimination. $$\begin{aligned}&3 x+2 y=5\\\&6 x+4 y=8\end{aligned}$$

Short Answer

Expert verified
The system has no solution; it's inconsistent.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the System of Equations

We have the system \( \begin{aligned} &3x + 2y = 5 \ &6x + 4y = 8 \end{aligned} \). The second equation is exactly twice the first equation, which suggests the two equations are dependent.
02

Check for Consistency

Multiply the entire first equation by 2: \( 2(3x + 2y = 5) \) resulting in \( 6x + 4y = 10 \). Now compare with the second equation \( 6x + 4y = 8 \). These two equations are inconsistent (10 ≠ 8).
03

Conclude the Nature of the System

The system of equations is inconsistent because we derived two identical left-hand sides with different right-hand sides. Thus, there are no solutions to this system.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Systems of Equations
When learning about systems of equations, it's important to know what they are and how they function. A system of equations consists of two or more equations that have common variables. The goal is to find a solution that satisfies all equations in the system simultaneously. This means identifying the values of the variables that work for all equations involved.

There are different methods to solve these systems, such as substitution, graphing, and elimination. The elimination method involves aligning the equations and either adding or subtracting them to eliminate one variable, making it easier to solve for the remaining variables.

Why is understanding systems of equations valuable? It allows us to solve real-world problems where multiple conditions or constraints must be met. For instance, it can help in resource planning, budgeting, and other fields where multiple factors influence outcomes.
Exploring Dependent Equations
Dependent equations are intriguing because their relationship often simplifies the problem-solving process. In a system of equations, if one equation is a multiple of another, they are considered dependent. This means that instead of two separate paths, the equations represent the same line or complementary paths in a graphical sense.

When equations are dependent, every solution that works for one will work for the other, essentially overlapping infinitely. However, sometimes the dependence can reveal something deeper about the system, such as a lack of unique solutions. Understanding this concept is key to identifying the nature of solutions you might encounter in mathematical systems.

In practical scenarios, recognizing dependent equations can help streamline complex models, ensuring efficiency and precision in calculations. This concept is crucial for simplifying tasks in engineering, physics, and other technical disciplines.
Recognizing an Inconsistent System
An inconsistent system is a set of equations with no common solution. This occurs when the equations contradict each other, as in contradictory constraints or conditions. In the given exercise, the system appears as such when inconsistencies between the derived equations are identified.

A telltale sign of inconsistency is when your attempts at solving through methods like elimination fail to produce valid variable values. Instead, they might lead to impossible scenarios, such as deriving an equation like \(0 = 5\), which is clearly false.

Recognizing inconsistent systems is critical in both theoretical and practical contexts. It allows one to acknowledge and address contradictions that could otherwise lead to errors or misdirection, particularly in fields reliant on precise calculations like architecture, logistics, and data science. Understanding what makes a system inconsistent helps in finding alternative paths to solutions, or in re-evaluating the terms or conditions initially set for a problem.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the shading capabilities of your graphing calculator to graph each inequality or system of inequalities. $$3 x+2 y \geq 6$$

Graph the solution set of each system of inequalities by hand. $$\begin{aligned} &y \leq \log x\\\ &y \geq|x-2| \end{aligned}$$

The table shows weight \(W,\) neck size \(N,\) overall length \(L,\) and chest size \(C\) for four bears. $$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline W \text { (pounds) } & N \text { (inches) } & L \text { (inches) } & C \text { (inches) } \\ \hline 125 & 19 & 57.5 & 32 \\\ 316 & 26 & 65 & 42 \\ 436 & 30 & 72 & 48 \\ 514 & 30.5 & 75 & 54 \end{array}$$ A. We can model these data with the equation $$ W=a+b N+c L+d C $$ where \(a, b, c,\) and \(d\) are constants. To do so, represent a system of linear equations by a \(4 \times 5\) augmented matrix whose solution gives values for \(a, b, c,\) and \(d\) B. Solve the system. Round each value to the nearest thousandth. C. Predict the weight of a bear with \(N=24, L=63\) and \(C=39 .\) Interpret the result.

To analyze population dynamics of the northern spotted owl, mathematical ecologists divided the female owl population into three categories: juvenile (up to 1 year old), subadult (1 to 2 years old), and adult (over 2 years old). They concluded that the change in the makeup of the northern spotted owl population in successive years could be described by the following matrix equation. $$\left[\begin{array}{c} j_{n+1} \\ s_{n+1} \\ a_{n+1} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 0 & 0 & 0.33 \\ 0.18 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0.71 & 0.94 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c} j_{n} \\ s_{n} \\ a_{n} \end{array}\right]$$ The numbers in the column matrices give the numbers of females in the three age groups after \(n\) years and \(n+1\) years. Multiplying the matrices yields the following. $$\begin{aligned} &j_{n+1}=0.33 a_{n}\\\ &s_{n+1}=0.18 j_{n}\\\ &a_{n+1}=0.71 s_{n}+0.94 a_{n} \end{aligned}$$ (Source: Lamberson, R. H., R. McKelvey, B. R. Noon, and C. Voss, "A Dynamic Analysis of Northern Spotted Owl Viability in a Fragmented Forest Landscape," Conservation Biology, Vol. \(6, \text { No. } 4 .)\) (a) Suppose there are currently 3000 female northern spotted owls: 690 juveniles, 210 subadults, and 2100 adults. Use the preceding matrix equation to determine the total number of female owls for each of the next 5 years. (b) Using advanced techniques from linear algebra, we can show that, in the long run, $$ \left[\begin{array}{c} j_{n+1} \\ s_{n+1} \\ a_{n+1} \end{array}\right]=0.98359\left[\begin{array}{c} j_{n} \\ s_{n} \\ a_{n} \end{array}\right] $$ What can we conclude about the long-term fate of the northern spotted owl? (c) In this model, the main impediment to the survival of the northern spotted owl is the number 0.18 in the second row of the \(3 \times 3\) matrix. This number is low for two reasons: The first year of life is precarious for most animals living in the wild, and juvenile owls must eventually leave the nest and establish their own territory. If much of the forest near their original home has been cleared, then they are vulnerable to predators while searching for a new home. Suppose that, due to better forest management, the number 0.18 can be increased to \(0.3 .\) Rework part (a) under this new assumption.

The break-even point for a company is the point where costs equal revenues. If both cost and revenue are expressed as linear equations, the break-even point is the solution of a linear system. In each exercise, \(C\) represents cost in dollars to produce x items, and R represents revenue in dollars from the sale of \(x\) items. Use the substitution method to find the break-even point in each case-that is, the point where \(C=R .\) Then find the value of \(C\) and \(R\) at that point. $$\begin{aligned}&C=4 x+125\\\&R=9 x-200\end{aligned}$$

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