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Chapter 3: Problem 533

Which of the following correctly represents the hierarchy in living organisms, classified from smallest to the largest? (A) cell, organelle, tissue, organ system, organ, organism (B) cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organelle, organism (C) organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle (D) organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct hierarchy in living organisms, classified from smallest to largest, is: organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism. Therefore, the correct answer is (D).

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the smallest unit in the hierarchy

The smallest unit in the biology hierarchy is the organelle, which is a small structure inside a cell that serves a specific function, such as producing energy or processing waste.
02

Identifying the next level up

The next level up from organelles is the cell, which is the basic unit of life. Cells are made up of many organelles working together to perform essential life functions.
03

Identifying the next level up

The next level after cells is the tissue, which is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. Tissues include muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue, among others.
04

Identifying the next level up

The level above tissues is the organ, which is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissues that work together to perform a particular function. Examples of organs include the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
05

Identifying the next level up

Above organs are organ systems, which are groups of organs that collaborate to carry out functions necessary to maintain an organism's life. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the digestive system.
06

Identifying the largest unit in the hierarchy

The largest unit in the hierarchy of living organisms is the organism itself, which can be comprised of trillions of cells, like in humans, and organized into various organ systems. An organism represents an individual living being, such as a plant, animal, or human.
07

Determine the correct order

Combining steps 1 through 6, we get the following order of the hierarchy in living organisms from smallest to largest: organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
08

Selecting the correct answer

Matching the order established in step 7, we find that the correct answer is (D) organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Organelle
Organelles are fascinating and essential components of a biological hierarchy. They serve as the building blocks of life and operate inside cells. Think of them like tiny machines within a cell, each designed for a specific task.

Some well-known organelles include:
  • Mitochondria: Often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria generate energy by converting sugars and oxygen into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
  • Nucleus: The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material and managing activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
  • Ribosomes: The protein factories, where amino acids are assembled into proteins, which are crucial for all cellular activities.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranes helping in the production and transport of proteins and lipids.
  • Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that digest other molecules and worn-out cell parts.
Organelles work synergistically to keep cells - and ultimately the entire organism - functioning smoothly. Without them, life as we know it wouldn't be possible!
Organ System
In the vast biological hierarchy, organ systems represent a vital level of organization in multicellular organisms. An organ system is a collection of organs that work collectively to perform complex functions beyond the capacity of a single organ alone.

Here are some key examples:
  • Digestive System: Responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. It includes organs like the stomach and intestines.
  • Circulatory System: Comprises the heart, blood, and blood vessels. This system circulates nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.
  • Respiratory System: Allows organisms to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Organs involved include the lungs and trachea.
  • Nervous System: Coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external environment. It includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
  • Musculoskeletal System: Provides structural support and movement, consisting of muscles, bones, and joints.
Each organ system is crucial, and they must communicate and cooperate to maintain homeostasis - a stable, healthy state that is crucial for survival.
Tissue
Tissues are collections of similar cells that combine to perform specific tasks more effectively than individual cells can achieve on their own. Different types of tissues join to form organs.

Here are some major tissue types found in many organisms:
  • Muscle Tissue: Enables movement through contraction. It includes cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.
  • Connective Tissue: Supports, binds, and protects organs. This group includes bone, blood, and adipose (fat) tissue.
  • Epithelial Tissue: Lines the surfaces and cavities of the body, offering protection, secretion, and absorption.
  • Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and support cells, this tissue type is integral in transmitting signals throughout the body.
Understanding tissues is crucial because they are the step where cells become united into a structure capable of forming organs, each having distinct and critical functions. Tissues are the foundation on which the body's architecture and functionality are built. Through organized cooperation, they enable efficient operation of complex biological processes.

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