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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) refers to the waste that is generated from residential, institutional, and commercial sources. It includes items that are discarded, either because they have been worn out or are no longer useful.

The key components of MSW are:1. Biodegradable waste: Includes food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can also be recycled).2. Recyclable materials: Paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain types of plastics, etc.3. Inert waste: This includes construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris, etc.4. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste): electrical appliances and other electronic items such as computers, TVs, mobile phones, etc.5. Composite wastes: Comprises items like waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys.6. Hazardous waste: Includes paints, chemicals, tires, batteries, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, aerosol cans, medical waste.7. Toxic waste: e.g., pesticide, herbicide containers.