Problem 13 How do fast-neutron and fusion r... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 16: Problem 13

How do fast-neutron and fusion reactors work? Does either one offer promise for alleviating our energy shortage?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Fast-neutron reactors operate on fast neutrons, which allows for efficient use of nuclear fuel and produce less waste, whereas Fusion reactors work by combining light atomic nuclei that releases a considerable amount of energy. Both have potential in alleviating energy shortage, given their high energy production efficiency and low waste generation.

Step by step solution

Understanding fast-neutron and fusion reactors

Fast-neutron reactors and fusion reactors are two types of nuclear reactors. Fast-neutron reactors, also known as fast-spectrum or simply fast reactors, are a type of nuclear reactor in which the nuclear fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. This allows the reactor to operate without neutron moderating substances, allowing it to use more of the nuclear fuel. Fusion reactors, on the other hand, function by the principle of nuclear fusion- the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. This process releases a considerable amount of energy.

Working principle of fast-neutron reactors

Fast-neutron reactors operate by maintaining a high-energy neutron spectrum in the nuclear reactor core. This requires a proportionally higher reactor core temperature which allows for more efficient electricity generation. Moreover, fast reactors use a closed fuel cycle to recycle and handle the nuclear waste, which leads to a low waste generation compared to other nuclear reactors.

Working principle of fusion reactors

Fusion reactors initiate and sustain a nuclear fusion reaction by heating fuel to conditions under which the fusion can occur. This fusion reaction results in the generation of high energy neutrons which are then used to heat water or any other coolant, which drives the steam turbines to generate electricity.

Assessing the energy potential of fast-neutron and fusion reactors

Fast-neutron reactors have the potential to extract a high percentage of energy from nuclear fuel, producing less waste and potentially providing a significant contribution to easing the energy shortage. Fusion reactors, on the other hand, if developed and controlled effectively, not only have an immense energy production potential but they are also likely to produce a minimum amount of nuclear waste, which can reduce the future burden of waste management. Both reactor types have potential for alleviating energy shortage.

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How do fast-neutron and fusion reactors work? Does either one offer promise for alleviating our energy shortage?

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understanding fast-neutron and fusion reactors

Working principle of fast-neutron reactors

Working principle of fusion reactors

Assessing the energy potential of fast-neutron and fusion reactors

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