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Chapter 16: Problem 11

What are the four generations of nuclear reactors? Describe the advantages of Generations III and IV.

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are four generations of nuclear reactors: I, II, III, and IV. Generations III reactors, such as AP1000 and EPR, are safer, have a longer lifespan, use fuels more efficiently, and generate less waste than the previous generations. Generation IV reactors, which are still in the design phase, aim to improve upon Generation III reactors by utilising nuclear fuel more efficiently, reducing nuclear waste further, being 'passively safe', and being economically competitive.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Generations of Nuclear Reactors

The four generations of nuclear reactors are Generation I, II, III, and IV. Generation I reactors were the early prototypes and power reactors, such as the Shippingport Atomic Power Station. Generation II reactors are typical of the commercial units in operation today, for instance the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). Generation III reactors are an evolution of Generation II designs and are currently being constructed in several parts of the world, including the Westinghouse AP1000, and EPR. Generation IV reactors are still in the design phase and aim to improve upon Generation III reactors in all aspects.
02

Explain Advantages of Generation III Reactors

Generation III reactors are generally regarded as safer than the previous generations and they have a longer lifespan. They use fuels more efficiently and generate less waste. Some examples of Generation III reactors are EPR, ABWR, and AP1000.
03

Explain Advantages of Generation IV Reactors

Generation IV reactors are designed with sustainability and safety as core principles. They aim to utilize nuclear fuel more efficiently, reduce nuclear waste, and are designed to be 'passively safe', meaning they should be safe even in the case of a complete system failure. In addition, they should be economically competitive, proliferation resistant, and physically secure.

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