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Chapter 1: Problem 5

Drag and drop the appropriate type of coal into each box. (For this practice test, write the appropriate letter in each box.) The type of coal most likely found closest to the surface of the earth: The type of coal that contains the greatest amount of carbon per kilogram: (a) Peat (b) Lignite (c) Bituminous coal (d) Anthracite

Short Answer

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The type of coal most likely found closest to the surface of the earth: \( (a) \) Peat The type of coal that contains the greatest amount of carbon per kilogram: \( (d) \) Anthracite

Step by step solution

01

Find the type of coal closest to the surface of the earth

We have to look for the type of coal that is found early in the coal formation process. Since the coal formation process starts with peat, the type of coal most likely found closest to the surface of the earth is (a) Peat.
02

Find the type of coal containing the greatest amount of carbon per kilogram

The coal type with the highest carbon content is the one that is at the end of the coal formation process since carbon content increases over time due to pressure and heat. Anthracite is the final stage of coal formation, so the type of coal that contains the greatest amount of carbon per kilogram is (d) Anthracite. So the correct answers are: The type of coal most likely found closest to the surface of the earth: (a) Peat The type of coal that contains the greatest amount of carbon per kilogram: (d) Anthracite

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Peat Formation and Characteristics
When we talk about coal formation, it all starts with peat. Peat represents the earliest stage in the coal formation process. It forms from the accumulation of decayed plant materials in waterlogged conditions. Over time, these materials partially decompose under conditions that limit oxygen availability. This is why peat is usually found close to the surface of the earth.

Characteristics of peat include:
  • High water content: Peat is typically very moist, containing up to 90% water.
  • Low carbon content: Since it hasn't had significant time to compact and transform under pressure, its carbon content is relatively low.
  • Spongy texture: Due to its high organic matter content and minimal compression.
Due to these properties, peat is not yet considered true coal. It is, however, an important precursor in the coal formation journey and is commonly used as a domestic fuel in some regions.
Anthracite: The Ultimate Coal Stage
At the other end of the coal formation process lies anthracite. This type of coal has undergone the most intense pressure and heat over millions of years. These conditions lead to significant geological transformations, resulting in the purest, hardest, and highest carbon content form of coal.

Key features of anthracite include:
  • High carbon content: Anthracite has more than 86% carbon, making it the most energy-efficient type of coal.
  • Glossy black appearance: It is often characterized by a shiny, brittle texture.
  • Low impurities: Due to its extended formation period, it contains fewer impurities like sulfur and ash.
Because of its high energy content and cleanliness, anthracite is preferred for residential heating and in applications requiring a smokeless fuel variety.
Carbon Content in Coal: An Overview
The carbon content in coal is a crucial determinant of its energy value. As coal goes through its stages from peat to anthracite, the carbon content increases. This is because environmental factors like pressure and heat |gradually compress the originally organic materials, squeezing out elements like oxygen and hydrogen in the process.

Here's a simplified overview of carbon content across coal types:
  • Peat: Contains about 60% carbon in its organic structure.
  • Lignite: Known as brown coal, it has around 60%-70% carbon.
  • Bituminous Coal: Mid-rank coal, with approximately 70%-86% carbon.
  • Anthracite: Highest rank coal, with over 86% carbon.
Understanding these carbon content variations helps us determine the utility and environmental impact of different coal types. Higher carbon content increases the heat value, but also potentially poses challenges including pollution if not properly managed.

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