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Chapter 21: Q 2. (page 556)
Why is inventory investment counted as part of aggregate spending if it isn鈥檛 actually sold to the final end user?
Inventory Investment is counted as a part of aggregate spending, as it is the spendings of 'firms' sector out of the economy.
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If the consumption function is C = 100 + 0.75YD, I = 200, government spending is 200, and net exports are zero, what will be the equilibrium level of output?
What will happen to aggregate output if government spending rises by 100?
Suppose that Dell Corporation has 20,000 computers in its warehouses on December 31, 2019, ready to be shipped to merchants (each computer is valued at
\(500). By December 31, 2020, Dell Corporation has 25,000 computers ready to be shipped, each valued at \)450.
a. Calculate Dell鈥檚 inventory on December 31, 2019.
b. Calculate Dell鈥檚 inventory investment in 2020.
c. What happens to inventory spending during the early stages of an economic recession?
Go to the St. Louis Federal Reserve FRED database, and find data on Real Private Domestic Investment (GPDIC1), a measure of the real interest rate; the 10-year Treasury Inflation-Indexed Security, TIIS (FII10); and the spread between Baa corporate bonds and the 10-year U.S. treasury (BAA10YM), a measure of financial frictions. For (FII10) and (BAA10YM), convert the frequency setting to 鈥渜uarterly,鈥� and download the data into a spreadsheet. For each quarter, add the (FII10) and (BAA10YM) series to create ri , the real interest rate for investments for that quarter. Then calculate the change in both investment and ri as the change in each variable from the previous quarter.
a. For the eight most recent quarters of data available, calculate the change in investment from the previous quarter, and then calculate the average change over the eight most recent quarters.
b. Assume there is a one-quarter lag between movements in ri and changes in investment; in other words, if ri changes in the current quarter, it will affect investment in the next quarter. For the eight most recent lagged quarters of data available, calculate the onequarter-lagged average change in ri .
c. Take the ratio of your answer from part (a) divided by your answer from part (b). What does this value represent? Briefly explain.
d. Repeat parts (a) through (c) for the period 2008:Q3 to 2009:Q2. How do financial frictions help explain the behavior of investment during the financial crisis? How do the coefficients on investment compare between the current period and the financial crisis period? Briefly explain.
Go to http://www.eurmacro.unisg.ch/Tutor/islm.html. Set the policy instruments to G = 80, t = 0.20, c = 0.75, and b = 40. Now increase government spending, G, from 80 to 160. By how much does the IS curve shift horizontally to the right? Why is the amount of shift greater than the increase in G? Now increase the marginal propensity to consume, c, from 0.75 to 0.90. In which direction does the IS curve shift, and why? By how much does it shift? Now increase the tax rate, t, from 0.20 to 0.28. In which direction does the IS curve shift, and why? By how much does it shift?
鈥淲hen the stock market rises, investment spending is increasing.鈥� Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer.
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