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The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant changes in the process of manufacturing and production, starting in the late 18th century and lasting till the 19th century. This revolution led to a shift from a predominantly agrarian, handicraft economy to one dominated by industries powered by machines and factories.

The Industrial Revolution had several major impacts on society, both positive and negative. Some of the key transformations include: 1. Urbanization: the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas to work in factories. 2. Development of transportation systems: improvements in roads, canals, and railways, making it easier to transport goods and people. 3. Technological advancements: inventions such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom led to increased efficiency and productivity. 4. Increase in production and consumer goods: higher-quality and more varied goods became available to the masses. 5. Social and economic changes: the emergence of new social classes, including a growing middle class, and the exploitation of workers in dangerous and low-paying factory jobs.

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the late 18th century, specifically around 1760. Several factors contributed to the start of this revolution in Britain, such as its abundant natural resources (coal and iron), well-established trade networks, and innovations in technology and agricultural practices. The revolution then spread to other European countries and the United States during the 19th century.