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Assume that, without taxes, the consumption schedule of an economy is as follows.

GDP, Billions

Consumption, Billions

\(100

\)120

200

200

300

280

400

360

500

440

600

520

700

600

  1. Graph this consumption schedule and determine the MPC.

  2. Assume now that a lumpsum tax is imposed such that the government collects $10 billion in taxes at all levels of GDP. Graph the resulting consumption schedule and compare the MPC and the multiplier with those of the pretax consumption schedule.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  • The consumption schedule is as follows:

  • The resulting consumption schedule is as follows:

The consumption schedule has shifted toward the left.

The MPC is constant at 0.8.

The multiplier is also constant at 5.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Consumption schedule, MPC, and multiplier

The consumption schedule depends on the level of income or GDP. Therefore, the independent factor, GDP, will be on the X-axis and consumption schedule.

Since income and consumption are increasing at a constant rate, the consumption schedule will be a positively sloped straight line.

As consumption constantly increases by $80 billion for every increase of $100 billion in GDP, the MPC for this consumption schedule is as follows:

MPC=∆Consumption∆IncomeMPC=80100MPC=0.8

Therefore, the MPC is 0.8.

A change of $80 billion in total spending increases the income by $100 billion.

k=11-MPCk=11-0.8k=5

Hence, the multiplier is 5.

02

Step 2. Change in consumption schedule, MPC, and multiplier

Since a lumpsum tax of $10 billion is imposed at each level of GDP, the disposable income declines by $10 billion each time.

As the disposable income has declined, the consumption will also reduce by the taxes in accordance with the MPC. Since we have MPCequals to 0.8, the consumption will decrease as follows:

MPC=∆Tax×∆ConsumptionMPC=$10billion×0.8MPC=$8billion

Therefore, the consumption after tax will decline by $8 billion. The income after tax and respective consumption schedule after tax is as follows:

DI, Billions

Consumption, Billions

$90

$112 (120 – 8)

190

192 (200 – 8_

290

272 (280 – 8)

390

352 (360 – 8)

490

432 (440 – 8)

590

512 (520 – 8)

690

592 (600 – 8)

The respective graph is as follows:

The consumption schedule shifts toward the left due to a decline in disposable income and consumption.

Since the income has declined constantly by $100 billion, and consumption declined constantly by $80 billion, the difference between two consecutive income levels and consumption is still the same. Thus, change in consumption and change in income is the same as in pretax conditions. Therefore, MPC is constant at 0.8.

Since MPC and MPS are constant, therefore multiplier is also constant at 5.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain graphically the determination of equilibrium GDP for a private economy through the aggregate expenditures model. Now add government purchases (any amount you choose) to your graph, showing their impact on equilibrium GDP. Finally, add taxation (any amount of lump-sum tax that you choose) to your graph and show its effect on equilibrium GDP. Looking at your graph, determine whether equilibrium GDP has increased, decreased, or stayed the same given the sizes of the government purchases and taxes that you selected.

Other things equal, what effect will each of the following changes independently have on the equilibrium level of real GDP in a private closed economy?

  1. A decline in the real interest rate.

  2. An overall decrease in the expected rate of return on investment.

  3. A sizable, sustained increase in stock prices.

Question: If an economy has an inflationary expenditure gap, the government could attempt to bring the economy back toward the full-employment level of GDP by _______ taxes or _______ government expenditures.

  1. increasing; increasing

  2. increasing; decreasing

  3. decreasing; increasing

  4. decreasing; decreasing

Why does equilibrium real GDP occur where C + Ig = GDP in a private closed economy? What happens to real GDP when C + Ig exceeds GDP? When C + Ig is less than GDP? What two expenditure components of real GDP are purposely excluded in a private closed economy?

If total spending is just sufficient to purchase an economy’s output, then the economy is

  1. in equilibrium.

  2. in recession.

  3. in debt.

  4. in expansion.

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