Chapter 18: Q. 18.3 (page 397)
Describe the growth shift from advanced nations to developing and emerging countries.
Short Answer
Leaders of developing countries wantto form a more robust quality of life for his or her people.
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Chapter 18: Q. 18.3 (page 397)
Describe the growth shift from advanced nations to developing and emerging countries.
Leaders of developing countries wantto form a more robust quality of life for his or her people.
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Identify which of the following situations currently faced by the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund are examples of adverse selection and which are examples of moral hazard.
a. The World Bank has extended loans to the government of a developing country to finance construction of a canal with a certain future flow of earnings. Now, however, the government has decided to redirect those funds to build a casino that may or may not generate sufficient profits to allow the government to repay the loan.
b. The IMF is considering extending loans to several nations that failed to fully repay loans they received from the IMF during the past decade but now claim to be better credit risks. Now the IMF is not sure in advance which of these nations are unlikely to fully repay new loans.
c. The IMF recently extended a loan to a government directed by democratically elected officials that would permit the nation to adjust to an abrupt reduction in private flows of funds from abroad. A coup has just occurred, however, in response to newly discovered corruption within the government's elected leadership. The new military dictator has announced tentative plans to disburse some of the funds in equal shares to all citizens.
How might Africa's productivity improvements help to explain the recent growth reversal between advanced nations and developing and emerging countries?
Consider the estimates that the World Bank has assembled for the following nations:

Rank the nations in order, starting with the one you would expect to have the highest rate of economic growth, other things being equal. Explain your reasoning.
Answer the following questions concerning proposals to reform long-term development lending programs currently offered by the IMF and World Bank.
a. Why might the World Bank face moral hazard problems if it were to offer to provide funds to governments that promise to allocate the funds to major institutional reforms aimed at enhancing economic growth?
b. How does the IMF face an adverse selection problem if it is considering making loans to governments in which the ruling parties have already shown predispositions to try to "buy" votes by creating expensive public programs in advance of elections? How might following an announced rule in which the IMF cuts off future loans to governments that engage in such activities reduce this problem and promote increased economic growth in nations that do receive IMF loans?
Take a look at Table 18-1. Based on the basic arithmetic of economic growth, what were the average annual rates of real GDP growth since 1990 for those nations experiencing negative rates of annual growth of per capita real GDP?
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