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When we talk about indexing in the context of strings, we are referring to how each character within the string is assigned a unique number. This number helps us to identify the position of any character within the string. For beginners, it's crucial to understand that the index is akin to labeling drawers in a cabinet; each drawer (character) has a unique label (index) that helps us to open the right drawer (find the right character) easily.

In most programming contexts, the string 'apple' would have 'a' labelled as the first index. This might seem obvious, but the number used to represent this first index varies depending on the indexing convention that is applied, which is typically determined by the programming language's rules.

Programming languages are the tools we use to communicate with computers and instruct them to perform tasks. Different programming languages can adopt different rules and syntax, but many share common features. One such commonality is the concept of string indexing. It's much like learning how to read words in various languages—the concept of a word doesn't change, just how each language portrays it.

For instance, in JavaScript, if you want to access the first character of a string, you would write myString[0], whereas, in Python, you would use the same syntax. But in certain languages like some configurations of SQL, the index might begin with 1. This affects not only how you read strings but also how you manipulate them in your coding projects.

Zero-based indexing might seem counterintuitive at first since we often naturally start counting from one. However, it's a standard convention in many programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, Ruby, and Java, just to name a few. In zero-based indexing, the first element in a sequence has an index of 0, the second an index of 1, and so on.

This might be likened to the ground floor in many European countries' numbering systems for buildings—it's seen as the 'zero' level, with the first floor actually being one level up. In programming, starting indices at zero can simplify the computation of the index from a size or length perspective, often leading to more efficient code. Consequently, when working with such languages, understanding and applying zero-based indexing is crucial for effective string manipulation and beyond.