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The programs that perform specialized tasks like virus scanning, file compression, or data backup are called utility programs or utilities. These programs serve specific purposes in managing and maintaining a computer system.

Utility programs typically handle system-related tasks that are not directly related to the way users interact with their computers but support overall system functionality. Examples of utility programs include: 1. Virus scanners: They search for and remove malware from a computer system to protect it from potential security threats. 2. File compression programs: They reduce the size of files so that they can be stored and transferred more easily. Examples of file compression utilities include WinRAR, WinZip, and 7-Zip. 3. Data backup programs: These help users create copies of their data regularly, for recovery in the event of physical or digital disaster. Examples of data backup utilities include Acronis True Image, EaseUS Todo Backup, and Mozy. In conclusion, specialized programs that perform tasks to maintain and improve system performance are called utility programs or utilities. They include virus scanners, file compression programs, and data backup programs, among others.