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Access specifiers are keywords that define the scope and visibility of class members (variables, methods, and inner classes) in object-oriented programming languages. They determine which parts of the code can access these members.

There are generally three types of access specifiers: public, private, and protected. Some languages may also have default or package-private access specifiers. Let's discuss each of them with their accessibility scope. 1. Public: A member declared as public is accessible from any part of the code, even from outside the class or package it belongs to. Example: ```java public class MyClass { public int myVar; // This variable can be accessed from anywhere } ``` 2. Private: A member declared as private is only accessible within the class it is defined in. It cannot be accessed outside of the class. Example: ```java class MyClass { private int myVar; // This variable can only be accessed within MyClass } ``` 3. Protected: A member declared as protected is accessible within the class it is defined in, as well as in any subclass and within the same package. It is not accessible outside the package without subclassing. Example: ```java class MyClass { protected int myVar; // This variable can be accessed within MyClass, its subclasses, and within the same package } ``` 4. Default (or package-private): When no access specifier is mentioned, it is considered package-private (or default) by the language. It is accessible within the class and the same package, but not outside the package. Example: ```java class MyClass { int myVar; // This variable can be accessed within MyClass and within the same package } ```

Access specifiers are used in object-oriented programming languages to control the visibility and accessibility of class members. The main types of access specifiers are public, private, protected, and default (or package-private). Each specifier has a different scope, and it is crucial to select the appropriate specifier to ensure security and maintainability of the code.