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Answer: Public and private methods are related to the concept of access modifiers in object-oriented programming languages. Public methods are functions within a class that can be accessed and called from any object or class in the entire program, providing an interface for other objects and classes to interact with the class containing the public method. They are marked with the `public` keyword in the declaration and should be used when you want to define functionalities accessible to all objects and classes in the code. Private methods, on the other hand, are functions within a class that can only be accessed and called within that specific class, serving as helper functions for internal use. They are marked with the `private` keyword in the declaration and should be used when you want to define functionalities solely for internal use within a class, without exposing them to other parts of the program. This approach helps in keeping the implementation details hidden, making the code easier to maintain and understand.