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In object-oriented programming, classes are blueprints for creating objects. A class can inherit properties (attributes) and methods (functions) from another class. When a class inherits from another class, the inherited class is called a superclass, while the class doing the inheriting is called a subclass. Inheritance in programming is modeled after real-world inheritance, where the child class inherits traits from the parent class.

A subclass inherits the following from its superclass: 1. Attributes: The data or properties of the superclass are inherited by the subclass. 2. Methods: The functions defined in the superclass are inherited by the subclass. The subclass can also override or modify the inherited attributes and methods, as well as add new attributes and methods specific to the subclass.

Let's look at an example to further clarify the concept of inheritance: Consider a superclass called `Animal`, that has an attribute called `sound` and a method called `make_sound()`. A subclass called `Dog` inherits from the `Animal` superclass. ```python class Animal: sound = "" def make_sound(self): return self.sound class Dog(Animal): sound = "Woof" my_dog = Dog() print(my_dog.make_sound()) # Output: Woof ``` In this example, the `Dog` subclass inherits the `sound` attribute and `make_sound()` method from the `Animal` superclass. The `Dog` subclass then overrides the `sound` attribute by setting it to "Woof". When we create an instance of the `Dog` subclass and call the `make_sound()` method, it returns "Woof" instead of an empty string, because it inherited and overrode the `sound` attribute from the superclass.

In conclusion, a subclass inherits attributes (data) and methods (functions) from its superclass. The subclass can then use, override, or modify these attributes and methods as needed. Inheritance allows for code reusability and is an important concept in object-oriented programming.