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A syntax error is an error in the source code of a program that occurs when a programmer does not follow the rules and structure of a programming language. These errors prevent the program from being compiled (in compiled languages) or interpreted (in interpreted languages) and executed correctly. Examples of syntax errors in different programming languages include: 1. Python - Missing a colon at the end of a control structure (e.g., if, while, or for statement) ```python if x > 5 print("x is greater than 5") ``` Correct syntax: ```python if x > 5: print("x is greater than 5") ``` 2. Java - Mismatched or missing curly braces {} ```java public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); ``` Correct syntax: ```java public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); } } ``` 3. JavaScript - Using an undefined or misspelled variable name ```javascript console.log("The value of x is: " + xValue); ``` If the variable `xValue` is not defined or is misspelled, it will cause a syntax error. Correct syntax: ```javascript let xValue = 42; console.log("The value of x is: " + xValue); ```