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Chapter 16: Problem 3

(Comparing Strings) Write an application that uses String method compareTo to compare two strings input by the user. Output whether the first string is less than, equal to or greater than the second.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Get two strings from user, use the compareTo method to compare them, and display a message indicating whether the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.

Step by step solution

01

Prompt User Input

Ask the user to input the first string and then the second string. Store these values in two separate variables, let's say `str1` and `str2`.
02

Use compareTo Method

Use the `compareTo` method of String class to compare `str1` with `str2`. This will return an integer. Store this value in a variable, let's call it `comparisonResult`.
03

Analyze Result

Evaluate the integer `comparisonResult`. If it is less than 0, `str1` is lexicographically less than `str2`. If it is equal to 0, both strings are equal. If it is greater than 0, `str1` is lexicographically greater than `str2`.
04

Display Output

Output the result to the user based on the value of `comparisonResult`. Use conditional statements to determine the specific message.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

compareTo method
Understanding the compareTo method in Java is essential for performing string comparisons. This method is a part of the String class and is used to compare two strings lexicographically. When you call str1.compareTo(str2), the result is an integer that tells us the relationship between the two strings.

The value returned by compareTo will be zero if the strings are identical, a negative number if str1 comes before str2 in lexicographic order, and a positive number if str1 comes after str2. It's crucial to check the sign of the returned value to understand the ordering of the strings rather than focusing on the magnitude of the difference.
Java programming
In Java programming, handling strings is a fundamental skill, and the compareTo method is just one of many tools available for string manipulation. Java is an object-oriented language, and the String class provides a multitude of methods for various operations such as comparison, concatenation, and examination of individual characters. When learning Java, it's important to become familiar with these methods as they are widely used in coding interviews, algorithms, and real-world applications.

The example problem we discussed illustrates how to prompt user input and apply string comparison. This exercise underlines the importance of understanding method usage and conditional logic, both key concepts in Java programming. Remember, practice with these foundational elements will significantly improve your coding skills.
lexicographic order
Lexicographic order is a term borrowed from the world of dictionaries. It's the way of ordering words based on the alphabetical sequence of their component letters. In Java, the compareTo method uses Unicode values to compare individual characters, which means it's not just limited to the English alphabet but can compare any characters defined in the Unicode standard.

To properly utilize lexicographic ordering in Java, one must be aware of these Unicode values, especially when dealing with special characters. For instance, capital letters have different Unicode values compared to their lowercase counterparts, which can influence the comparison result. It's also worth noting that non-alphabetic characters, such as numbers and symbols, are included in this ordering system based on their Unicode values.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Project: \(A\) Spelling Checker) Many popular word-processing software packages have builtin spell checkers. In this project, you're asked to develop your own spell-checker utility. We make suggestions to help get you started. You should then consider adding more capabilities. Use a computerized dictionary (if you have access to one) as a source of words. Why do we type so many words with incorrect spellings? In some cases, it's because we simply do not know the correct spelling, so we make a best guess. In some cases, it's because we transpose two letters (e.g., "defualt" instead of "default"). Sometimes we double-type a letter accidentally (e.g., "hanndy" instead of "handy"). Sometimes we type a nearby key instead of the one we intended (e.g., "biryhday" instead of "birthday"), and so on. Design and implement a spell-checker application in Java. Your application should maintain an array wordList of strings. Enable the user to enter these strings. [Note: In Chapter 17, we introduce file processing. With this capability, you can obtain the words for the spell checker from a computerized dictionary stored in a file. Your application should ask a user to enter a word. The application should then look up that word in the wordList array. If the word is in the array, your application should print "word is spelled correctly." If the word is not in the array, your application should print "word is not spelled correctly." Then your application should try to locate other words in wordList that might be the word the user intended to type. For example, you can try all possible single transpositions of adjacent letters to discover that the word "default" is a direct match to a word in wordList. Of course, this implies that your application will check all other single transpositions, such as "edfault," "dfeault," "deafult," "defalut" and "defautl." When you find a new word that matches one in wordList, print it in a message, such as Did you mean "default"? Implement other tests, such as replacing each double letter with a single letter, and any other tests you can develop to improve the value of your spell checker.

(Check Protection) Computers are frequently employed in check-writing systems, such as payroll and accounts payable applications. There are many strange stories about weekly paychecks being printed (by mistake) for amounts in excess of \(\$ 1\) million. Incorrect amounts are printed by computerized check- writing systems because of human error or machine failure. Systems designers build controls into their systems to prevent such erroneous checks from being issued. Another serious problem is the intentional alteration of a check amount by someone who plans to cash a check fraudulently. To prevent a dollar amount from being altered, some computerized check-writing systems employ a technique called check protection. Checks designed for imprinting by computer contain a fixed number of spaces in which the computer may print an amount. Suppose a paycheck contains eight blank spaces in which the computer is supposed to print the amount of a weckly paycheck. If the amount is large, then all eight of the spaces will be filled. For example, \(1,230.60(\text { check amount })\) 12345678 (position numbers) On the other hand, if the amount is less than \(\$ 1000\), then several of the spaces would ordinarily be left blank. For example, $$\begin{array}{r}99.87 \\\12345678\end{array}$$ contains three blank spaces. If a check is printed with blank spaces, it's easier for someone to alter the amount. To prevent alteration, many check- writing systems insert leading asterisks to protect the amount as follows: ***99.87 \-------- 12345678 Write an application that inputs a dollar amount to be printed on a check, then prints the amount in check-protected format with leading asterisks if necessary. Assume that nine spaces are available for printing the amount.

(Tokenizing and Comparing Strings) Write an application that reads a line of text, tokenizes it using space characters as delimiters and outputs only those words ending with the letters "ED".

(Displaying a Sentence with Its Words Reversed) Write an application that inputs a line of text, tokenizes the line with String method sp 7 it and outputs the tokens in reverse order. Use space characters as delimiters.

(Tokenizing Telephone Numbers) Write an application that inputs a telephone number as a string in the form (555) \(555-5555 .\) The application should String method split to extract the area code as a token, the first three digits of the phone number as a token and the last four digits of the phone number as a token. The seven digits of the phone number should be concatenated into one string. Both the area code and the phone number should be printed. Remember that you'll have to change delimiter characters during the tokenization process.
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