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Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the Java environment: a) The _____________ command from the JDK exccutes a Java application. b) The ____________ command from the JDK compiles a Java program. c) A Java program file must end with the __________ file extension. d) When a Java program is compiled, the file produced by the compiler ends with the _____________ file extension. e) The file produced by the Java compiler contains __________ that are executed by the Java Virtual Machine.

Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software: a) CIPU b) Java compiler c) JVM d) input unit c) cditor

Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is the _________. b) The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called __________ . c) ___________ is a type of computer language that uses English-like abbreviations for \(\mathrm{ma}\) chine-language instructions. d) __________ is a logical unic of the computer that sends information which has already been processed by the computer to various devices so that it may be used outside the computer. c) ___________ and ___________ are logical units of the computer that retain information. f) ___________ is a logical unit of the computer that performs calculations. g) _________ is a logical unit of the computer that makes logical decisions. h) ____________ languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily. i) The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer's ___________. j) __________ is a logical unit of the computer that coordinates the activities of all the other logical units.

Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements: a) _______ is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices and for many other purposes. b) ________ was designed specifically for the \(.\) NET platform to enable programmers to \(\mathrm{mi}\) grate casily to .NET. c) ________ initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX operating system. d) ________ was developed at Dartmouth College in the mid- 1960 s as a means of writing simple programs. e) __________ was developed by IBM Corporation in the mid-1950s to be used for scientific and engineering applications that require complex mathematical computations. f) ____________ is used for commercial applications that require precise and efficient manipulation of large amounts of data. g) The ___________ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the carly 1980 s at Bell Laboratories.

Explain the two compilation phases of Java programs.