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91Ó°ÊÓ

LetΣ={0,1,+,=} and

ADD ={x=y+z|x,y,zarebinaryintegers,andxisthesumofyandz}.

Show that ADD is not regular.

Short Answer

Expert verified

It is proved that ADD is not regular language.

Step by step solution

01

Define regular languages

A language L is regular, if the length of all the strings belonging to L is greater than or equal to n. Also, there exists u, v, w∈Σ∗, such that x = uvw. And the following properties should also hold:
(1) |uv| ≤ n
(2) |v| ≥ 1
(3) for all i ≥ 0: uvi·É∈L

The context free language is generated by context free grammar.

These languages are accepted by Pushdown Automata. These are the superset of regular languages.

Consider context-free languagesL1 described as G1=(V1,S,R1,S1).

Consider context-free language L2described asG2=(V2,S,R2,S2).

02

Proof that ADD is not regular language

Suppose ADD is regular. Let Pbe its pumping length.

Σ=0,1,+,=

ADD=x=y+z|x,y,zarebinaryintegers,andxisthesumofyandz.

Take w to be the string,

1p=1p+0.Then,

Let,w=xyzbe a partition of W withxy⩽pandy>0

Note thaty=1kforsome1⩽k⩽p and that 1p=1p+0.is contained fully in Z.

Thus,

xy2zis1p+k=1k+0,

Which is not in the language, contradicting the pumping lemma.

Thus, ADD is not regular.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: The following are the state diagrams of two DFAs , M1 and M2 . Answer the following questions about each of these machines.

a. What is the start state ?

b. What is the set of accept states ?

c. What sequence of states does the machine go through on input aabb ?

d. Does the machine accept the string aabb ?

e. Does the machine accept the string ε ?

The construction in Theorem 1.54 shows that every GNFA is equivalent to a GNFA with only two states. We can show that an opposite phenomenon occurs for DFAs. Prove that for every k>1, a language xAk⊆{0,1}exists that is recognized by a DFA with k states but not by one with onlyk-1 states

Let ∑2{[00],[01][10][11]}Here, contains all columns of localid="1663175934749" 0sand1sof height two. A string of symbols in gives two rows of 0sand1s. Consider each row to be a binary number and let C={w∈Σ*2|thebottomrowofwisthreetimesthetoprow}. For example, [00][01][11][00]∈cbut [01][01][10]EC. Show that C is regular. (You may assume the result claimed in Problem 1.31.)

Convert the following regular expressions to NFAs using the procedure given in Theorem 1.54. In all parts,Σ={a,b}.

a.   a(abb)*∪bb.    a+∪(ab)+c.    (a∪b+)a+b+

  1. Show that ifis a DFA that recognizes languageB, swapping the accept and non accept states inyields a new DFA recognizing the complement ofB. Conclude that the class of regular languages is closed under complement.
  2. Show by giving an example that ifM is an NFA that recognizes language C swapping the accept and non accept states in Mdoesn’t necessarily yield a new NFA that recognizes the complement of C. Is the class of languages recognized by NFAs closed under complement? Explain your answer.
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