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In both parts, provide an analysis of the time complexity of your algorithm.

a. Show thatEQDFAP.

b. Say that a languageAisstar-closedifA=A*. Give a polynomial time algorithm

to test whether a DFArecognizes a star-closed language. (Note that EQNFAis not

known to be in P.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The same computation costs OV+|E|, whereVppears to become the number of nodes in a DFAandEappears to be the handful of states. Theoretical computer science automata is abbreviated asEQDFA.

Step by step solution

01

TM-1 Turing machine:

FDFAmight establish that is a decidable language by building a Turing machine TM-1that would take tape input if it marked any accept state, but would reject it otherwise. To put it another way, a DFAon a truing machine will be simulated.

02

Step 2:DFAs Complexity:

If both DFAsaccept the same language, we can create a Turing machine that accepts a string if it belongs in one of the machines, but not both at the same time. We might achieve the end state by running BFSorDFSfrom the beginning. The time complexity is OV+|E|,whereVrepresents the number of states in a DFAandErepresents the number of edges. We can observe which transitions were utilised once we discover the end state from the start state, and we can execute such a string on our Turing machine. This would take O(string-length), a polynomial time.

The resolution in time complexity usingBFSorDFSBFSorDFS.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Show how to compute the descriptive complexity of strings K(x) with an oracle for ATM.

Question:Consider the algorithm MINIMIZE, which takes a DFA as input and outputs DFA .

MINIMIZE = 鈥淥n input , where M=(Q,,,q0,A) is a DFA:

1.Remove all states of G that are unreachable from the start state.

2. Construct the following undirected graph G whose nodes are the states of .

3. Place an edge in G connecting every accept state with every non accept state. Add additional edges as follows.

4. Repeat until no new edges are added to G :

5. For every pair of distinct states q and r of and every a :

6. Add the edge (q,r) to G if q,a,r,a is an edge of G .

7. For each state q,let[q] be the collection of statesq={rQ|noedge joins q and r in G }.

8.Form a new DFA M'=Q',,',q'0,A'where

Q'={[q]|qQ}(ifq=r,onlyoneofthemisinQ'),'(q,a)=[q,a]foreveryqQanda,q00=[q0],andA0={[q]|qA}

9. Output ( M')鈥

a. Show that M and M' are equivalent.

b. Show that M0 is minimal鈥攖hat is, no DFA with fewer states recognizes the same language. You may use the result of Problem 1.52 without proof.

c. Show that MINIMIZE operates in polynomial time.

Show that the stringthe girl touches the boy with the flowerhas two different leftmost derivations in grammar G2 on page 103. Describe in English the two different meanings of this sentence.

Give an example of an undecidable language B, where BmB.

Recall the Post Correspondence Problem that we defined in Section 5.2 and its associated language PCP. Show that PCP is decidable relative to ATM.

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