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Boolean expressions are an essential part of programming in Java. They involve expressions that evaluate to a boolean value: either `true` or `false`. In Java, when you use comparison operators, like `==` or `>`, you create a boolean expression.
For example, if you have `int a = 5; int b = 10;`, then using the expression `a != b` forms a boolean expression that evaluates to `true` because 5 is not equal to 10. When you use `a > b`, it evaluates to `false`, because 5 is not greater than 10.
Boolean expressions are the backbone of many control structures and affect how decisions are made in your code.

Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions based on certain conditions. These statements utilize boolean expressions to determine if something is true or false, and execute code blocks accordingly.
Common conditional statements in Java include `if`, `else if`, and `else`. For example:

• `if (a > b) { System.out.println("A is greater"); }`
• `else { System.out.println("B is greater or equal"); }`

This allows the program to choose which message to display based on whether `a` is actually greater than `b`. The conditions are checked in sequence, allowing for complex decision-making processes in programs.
Conditional statements are fundamental in controlling the flow of a program, helping to branch out into multiple paths based on the evaluated conditions.

Understanding programming fundamentals is key to becoming proficient in Java. These fundamentals include variables, data types, operators, control statements, and logic. They form the building blocks for creating efficient code.
Java comparison operators, as listed above (`==`, `!=`, `>`, `<`, `>=`, `<=`), play a critical role here by letting developers compare values easily. Using these operators in boolean expressions and conditional statements, one can build sophisticated logic to automate complex tasks.
By mastering these programming fundamentals, you'll be equipped to tackle an array of problems, build applications, and grasp more advanced concepts with ease. These basic features allow you to write clear, logical, and effective code.