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Chapter 2: Problem 25

include #include using namespace std; const double X = 13.45; const int Y=34; const 鈥� # Rewrite the following program so that it is properly formatted. #include #include using namespace std; const double X = 13.45; const int Y=34; const char BLANK= ' '; int main() {string firstName,lastName;int num; double salary; cout<<"Enter first name: "; cin>> firstName; cout<>lastName;cout<>num;cout<

Short Answer

Expert verified
Proper formatting improves readability by separating logic into distinct lines and sections.

Step by step solution

01

Header Files and Namespaces

Each header file and the namespace should be on a separate line. For example: ``` #include #include using namespace std; ```
02

Variable Declarations

Declare all constants and variables on separate lines to enhance readability. ``` const double X = 13.45; const int Y = 34; const char BLANK = ' '; ```
03

Function Declaration

Ensure the `main` function starts on a new line after the variable declarations. ``` int main() { ```
04

Separate Input and Output Statements

For clarity, place each input or output statement on its own line. ```cpp string firstName, lastName; int num; double salary; cout << "Enter first name: "; cin >> firstName; cout << endl; cout << "Enter last name: "; cin >> lastName; cout << endl; ```
05

Handle User Input and Calculations

Ensure calculation and input sections are clear and consistent. ```cpp cout << "Enter a positive integer less than 70:"; cin >> num; cout << endl; salary = num * X; ```
06

Output Results

Output results in a clear, formatted manner. ```cpp cout << "Name: " << firstName << BLANK << lastName << endl; cout << "Wages: $" << salary << endl; cout << "X = " << X << endl; cout << "X+Y = " << X + Y << endl; return 0; }```

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Variable Declarations
In C++, variables are crucial as they store data values which programs manipulate. Declaring a variable tells the compiler what type of data a variable will hold. This step essentially allocates space in memory for the data.
  • A variable declaration includes the type of the variable and its name.
  • Common data types in C++ include int, double, char, and string.
  • Correctly declaring variables enhances readability and helps avoid errors.
For example, the line int num; declares an integer variable named num. This variable can then be used for whole number values.
Ensuring each variable is declared on a separate line creates a clearer code flow, making it easier to read and maintain.
Input and Output
Input and output operations in C++ make a program interactive by allowing communication between the user and the program. The standard library provides `cin` and `cout` for reading inputs and printing outputs.
  • cin (short for 'console input'): This is used to capture data entered by the user and store it in a variable.
  • cout (short for 'console output'): Used to print information to the console.
Using separate lines for input and output statements makes programs cleaner and easier to debug. For instance:
cout << "Enter your name: ";
cin >> firstName;
This structure ensures that the prompt appears first, followed by capturing the user's input.
Code Formatting
Good code formatting is key to readable and maintainable code. Well-formatted code is easier to understand and less error-prone.
  • Place each logical statement on a separate line.
  • Use indentation consistently to show hierarchy within the code, such as inside loops or functions.
  • Align similar blocks of code to aid readability.
In C++, adhering to these simple rules can make a big difference. Consider keeping opening and closing braces aligned and starting function bodies on new lines. These practices help you and others read and understand your code quicker and more comfortably.
Constants in C++
Constants in C++ are fixed values that do not change throughout the program's execution. They are defined using the `const` keyword and offer several advantages.
  • Readability: Assigning meaningful names to constants makes the code easier to understand.
  • Maintainability: If a constant value needs to be changed, you only need to update it at the point of its definition.
  • Stability: Ensures critical values remain unchanged accidentally during program execution.
For instance, in a program where the double precision value of Pi is used, defining it as a constant like const double PI = 3.1416; avoids errors when using multiple references to Pi throughout the code. Using constants is a best practice to forge more robust and understandable programs.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

include const 鈥� # The following two programs have syntax mistakes. Correct them. On each successive line, assume that any preceding error has been corrected. a. #include const int PRIME = 11,213; const RATE = 15.6 int main () { int i, x, y, w; x = 7; y = 3; x = x + w; PRIME = x + PRIME; cout << PRIME << endl; wages = RATE * 36.75; cout << "Wages = " << wages << endl; return 0; } b. const char = BLANK = ' '; const int ONE 5; int main ( { int a, b, cc; a = ONE + 5; b = a + BLANK; cc := a + ONE * 2; a + cc = b; one = b + c; cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", cc = " << cc << endl; return 0; }

Suppose x, y, z, and w are int variables. What value is assigned to each of these variables after the last statement executes? x = 5; z = 3; y = x - z; z = 2 * y + 3; w = x - 2 * y + z; z = w - x; w++;

Which of the following are valid C++ identifiers? a. RS6S6 b. MIX-UP c. STOP! d. exam1 e. September1Lecture f. 2May g. Mike's h. First Exam i. J j. Three

Which of the following are valid C++ assignment statements? Assume that i, x, and percent are double variables. a. i = i + 5; b. x + 2 = x; c. x = 2.5 *x; d. percent = 10%;

What is the output of the following statements? Suppose a and b are int variables, c is a double variable, and a = 13, b = 5, and c = 17.5. a. cout << a + b 鈥� c << endl; b. cout << 15 / 2 + c << endl; c. cout << a / static_cast(b) + 2 * c << endl; d. cout << 14 % 3 + 6.3 + b / a << endl; e. cout << static_cast(c) % 5 + a 鈥� b << endl; f. cout << 13.5 / 2 + 4.0 * 3.5 + 18 << endl;
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