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Chapter 6: Problem 2

include 3 using std::cout; 4 using std::endl; 5 6 int cube( int y ); // function prototype 7 8 int main() 9 { 10 int x; 11 1鈥� # 1 // Exercise 6.2: Ex06_02.cpp 2 #include 3 using std::cout; 4 using std::endl; 5 6 int cube( int y ); // function prototype 7 8 int main() 9 { 10 int x; 11 12 for ( x = 1; x <= 10; x++ ) // loop 10 times 13 cout << cube( x ) << endl; // calculate cube of x and output results 14 15 return 0; // indicates successful termination 16 } // end main 17 18 // definition of function cube 19 int cube( int y ) 20 { 21 return y * y * y; 22 } // end function cube

Short Answer

Expert verified
The program outputs the cube of numbers 1 to 10, each on a new line.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the Program Layout

The program includes the C++ iostream library and defines the function prototype for `cube`. The `main` function iterates through numbers 1 to 10. For each number, it calls the `cube` function to compute the cube and then outputs the result.
02

Understand the Function Prototype

The line `int cube(int y);` signifies a function prototype. This informs the compiler that a function named `cube` will be used, which takes an integer argument and returns an integer.
03

Loop through Numbers

The `for` loop defined with `for (x = 1; x <= 10; x++)` loops over integers starting from 1 up to 10, one by one.
04

Cube Calculation and Output

For each iteration, the `cube(x)` function is called with the current value of `x`, and its result is printed using `cout`. This is done with the line `cout << cube(x) << endl;`.
05

Function Definition

The `cube` function takes an integer `y` and returns the cube of `y` by computing `y * y * y`. This function is defined after the `main` function.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Function Prototype
In C++, a function prototype is an important declaration found at the beginning of the code, before the main function. It informs the compiler about the function's name, its return type, and its parameters. This is crucial for enabling the function to be called before its actual definition in the program.

In our example, the line `int cube(int y);` is the function prototype for the `cube` function.
  • It specifies that `cube` is a function that will take a single integer argument.
  • The function will return an integer value, which in this program is the cube of the passed integer.

The prototype helps the compiler validate function calls and ensures they match the defined signature, even if the function definition comes later in the code. This step is pivotal for proper program compilation and avoids "undetermined function" or related errors.
For Loop
Loops are a fundamental part of programming, allowing for repetitive execution of a block of code. The `for loop` is particularly useful when the number of iterations is known beforehand and is frequently used in C++ programming.

In this code example, the for loop is defined as `for (x = 1; x <= 10; x++)`. Here's how this structure works:
  • Initialization: It starts by setting the initial value of the loop counter `x` to 1.
  • Condition: It checks whether `x` is less than or equal to 10. If true, the loop continues; otherwise, it stops.
  • Increment: After each iteration, the value of `x` is incremented by 1 using `x++`.
  • Body: Inside the loop, the `cube(x)` function is called, and its output is displayed using `cout`.

The `for loop` in this program is structured to run exactly ten times, calculating and printing the cube of each number from 1 to 10.
Function Definition
The function definition specifies the actual block of code that is executed when the function is called. It describes how the result is computed and returned. Let's examine the `cube` function definition in our example:

The line `int cube(int y)` defines this function. Here's a breakdown of its components:
  • A keyword `int` specifies that the function will return an integer value.
  • The name `cube` is an identifier for the function.
  • Inside the parentheses, `(int y)` declares an integer parameter `y`, which receives the value passed when the function is invoked.
The body of the function appears next, between the curly braces `{}`:
  • Return Statement: `return y * y * y;` carries out the necessary calculation and sends back the cube of `y` to the calling function.

This function is defined after `main`, allowing the flow of execution in `main` to call `cube` efficiently with each loop iteration. Function definitions are essential in modular programming as they encapsulate specific logic, enhancing both code readability and reusability.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Computers in Education) Computers are playing an increasing role in education. Write a program that helps an elementary school student learn multiplication. Use rand to produce two positive one-digit integers. It should then type a question such as How much is 6 times \(7 ?\) The student then types the answer. Your program checks the student's answer. If it is correct, print "very good!", then ask another multiplication question. If the answer is wrong. print "No. Please try again.", then let the student try the same question repeatedly until the student finally gets it right.

Answer each of the following questions: a. What does it mean to choose numbers "at random?" b. Why is the rand function useful for simulating games of chance? c. Why would you randomize a program by using srand? Under what circumstances is it desirable not to randomize? d. Why is it often necessary to scale or shift the values produced by rand? e. Why is computerized simulation of real-world situations a useful technique?

Find the error in each of the following program segments, and explain how the error can be corrected (see also Exercise 6.53 ): a. int g( void ) { cout << "Inside function g" << endl; int h( void ) { cout << "Inside function h" << endl; } } b. int sum( int x, int y ) { int result; result = x + y; } c. int sum( int n ) { if ( n == 0 ) return 0; else n + sum( n - 1 ); } d. void f ( double a); { float a; cout << a << endl; } e. void product( void ) { int a; int b; int c; int result; cout << "Enter three integers: "; cin >> a >> b >> c; result = a * b * c; cout << "Result is " << result; return result; }

Write a function that displays at the left margin of the screen a solid square of asterisks whose side is specified in integer parameter side. For example, if side is \(4,\) the function displays the following:

Write program segments that accomplish each of the following: a. Calculate the integer part of the quotient when integer a is divided by integer \(b\). b. Calculate the integer remainder when integer a is divided by integer \(b\). c. Use the program pieces developed in (a) and (b) to write a function that inputs an integer between 1 and 32767 and prints it as a series of digits, each pair of which is separated by two spaces. For example, the integer 4562 should print as follows: $$4562$$
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