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Chapter 6: Problem 78

Which of the following palirs arc corrccty marchcd hcrc? I. Solvay proccss ....... Manufacrure of sodium carbonare II, Bacycr proccss . ...... Manufacrure of sulphuric acid III. Habcr proccss ...... Manufacturc of smmonia IV. Birkland-Eyrde process ..... Manufacrure of nicric acid Scleet the corrcer answer: (a) 1,2 and 4 (b) 1,3 and 4 (c) 2,3 and 1 (d) 2 and 3 only

Short Answer

Expert verified
Correct answer is (b): 1, 3, and 4.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the Solvay Process

The Solvay process is used for the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash). Thus, statement I is correctly matched.
02

Examine the Bayer Process

The Bayer process is primarily used for refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminum oxide), not for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Therefore, statement II is incorrectly matched.
03

Investigate the Haber Process

The Haber process is involved in the manufacture of ammonia. This confirms that statement III is correctly matched.
04

Review the Birkeland-Eyde Process

The Birkeland-Eyde process is an industrial process used to fix atmospheric nitrogen into nitric acid. Thus, statement IV is correctly matched.
05

Identify Correctly Matched Processes

Based on the analysis, the correctly matched pairs are I, III, and IV. Therefore, the correct answer is option (b): 1, 3, and 4.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Solvay Process
The Solvay Process is a fascinating method for producing sodium carbonate, commonly known as soda ash. This chemical compound has a wide array of uses, from glass manufacturing to paper production. The Solvay Process primarily involves the following steps:
  • Ammonia is absorbed into a brine solution.
  • Carbon dioxide is bubbled through to precipitate sodium bicarbonate.
  • The bicarbonate is then heated to form sodium carbonate.
This method is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. A significant advantage is its recycling of ammonia, minimizing waste. Furthermore, the Solvay Process revolutionized the production of sodium carbonate, replacing the more labor-intensive Leblanc Process. Its economic efficiency and lower emissions make it a cornerstone in industrial chemistry today.
Haber Process
The Haber Process is integral to the production of ammonia, which is a key ingredient for fertilizers. Developed by Fritz Haber, this method combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen from natural gas. The basic steps include:
  • Compressing nitrogen and hydrogen gases in a specific ratio.
  • Passing the gases over an iron catalyst at high temperatures and pressures.
  • Converting the resultant ammonia gas into a liquid via cooling.
The significance of the Haber Process cannot be overstated. It solved the global nitrogen supply problem in agriculture, massively increasing food production. Additionally, the process uses conditions that ensure maximum yield, reinforcing its role in feeding the world.
Birkeland-Eyde Process
The Birkeland-Eyde Process is a pioneering approach for fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Invented by Kristian Birkeland and Sam Eyde, this method was among the first industrial processes used to produce nitric acid. The primary technique involves:
  • Using an electric arc to oxidize nitrogen and oxygen into nitrogen oxides.
  • Reacting nitrogen oxides with water to form nitric acid.
Although more energy-intensive than modern processes, its innovative use of electrical energy marked a substantial leap in industrial chemistry. This process laid the groundwork for efficient production methods that followed and contributed significantly to fertilizers and explosives manufacturing.
Bayer Process
The Bayer Process is the dominant method for refining bauxite ore to produce alumina, which is then used to manufacture aluminum. Here's a simple breakdown of the stages:
  • Crushing bauxite and mixing it with caustic soda.
  • Heating the mixture under pressure to dissolve alumina.
  • Removing impurities and precipitating pure alumina from the solution.
This process revolutionized the aluminum industry by providing an efficient way to obtain alumina. While not connected to sulfuric acid production, as sometimes mistakenly thought, the Bayer Process remains key to modern metallurgy, enabling the lightweight metal's widespread availability.
Industrial Chemistry Application
The field of industrial chemistry applies scientific principles to produce substances in large quantities for consumer and industrial use. Each of the processes discussed plays a crucial role in this field by:
  • Streamlining the production of essential chemicals like sodium carbonate and ammonia.
  • Enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of resource utilization.
  • Reducing costs and environmental impacts through improved processes.
These applications provide pivotal support to sectors ranging from agriculture to pharmaceuticals. Industrial chemistry not only influences product availability but also affects innovation, sustainability, and economic growth. Understanding these processes grants insight into how fundamental chemistry transforms raw materials into indispensable products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Given that hypohalous acids form by the following reaction $$ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{X}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(1) \rightleftharpoons & \mathrm{HOX}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}^{\prime}(\mathrm{aq}) \\ &+\mathrm{X}(\mathrm{a} q) \end{aligned} $$ Which of the following changcs will incrcasc the yicla of I IOX? (a) \(\Lambda \mathrm{dd} \mathrm{X}^{-}\) (b) \(\Lambda \mathrm{dd}\) water (c) Increase rhe pIl (ct) Dccrcasc rhe ptI

Sodium thiosulphare is prepared by (a) reducing \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) solution with \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\). (b) boiling \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) solution with \(\mathrm{S}\) in alkaline medium. (c) neutmlizing \(\mathrm{I} \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) solurion with \(\mathrm{NaOll}\). (d) boiling \(\mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{SO}_{2}\) wolution with \(\mathrm{S}\) in acidic medium.

Which of the following is nor an cxample of oxyacits of sulphur? (a) \(\mathrm{HI}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (d) \(11_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\)

Artarge the acids (I) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{y}\), II) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) and (III) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\) in the decreasing order of acidity. (a) \(\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{JII}>\mathrm{II}\) (b) \(\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{II}>\mathrm{III}\) (c) \(\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{II}>\mathbf{I}\) (d) \(\mathrm{II}>\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{I}\)

In the reaction \(\Lambda+2 \mathrm{~B}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}+2 \mathrm{D}\), if \(\mathrm{A}\) is \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{C}\) is \(\mathrm{NH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) then \(\mathrm{B}\) and \(\mathrm{D}\), ate respectively (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{6}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (c) \(11_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) and \(11_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (d) \(11_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\)
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