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Chapter 4: Problem 178

Match the following: Column I Column II A. Castncr Kell- (p) \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}, 5 \mathrm{MgO} \cdot \mathrm{x} 1 \mathrm{1}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) ner cell B. \(\mathrm{J}_{\text {carl ash }}\) (q) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) C. Solvay's proccss (r) Manufacrure of \(\mathrm{NaH} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) D. Sorel's cement (s) Marlufacture of \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
A-s, B-q, C-r, D-p.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Column I

Examine each item in Column I to identify its focus. This will help in understanding what each term represents, allowing us to correctly match with Column II. For example, "Castner-Kellner" typically relates to electrochemical processes involving chlor-alkali industries.
02

Analyze Column II

Study each item in Column II to understand the products or processes they refer to. This step is crucial to linking the right process or product to the terms from Column I. For instance, "Manufacture of NaOH" implies a connection to an industrial chemical process.
03

Match Castner-Kellner to Column II

The Castner-Kellner process is used for the electrolysis of brine to produce sodium hydroxide ( \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)). Therefore, A matches with (s) Manufacture of \(\mathrm{NaOH}\).
04

Match Solvay Process to Column II

The Solvay Process is a method for producing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Thus, C matches with (r) Manufacture of \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\).
05

Match Sorel's Cement to Column II

Sorel's Cement involves magnesium compounds, specifically \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{MgO}\). Therefore, D matches with (p) \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}, 5 \mathrm{MgO} \cdot \mathrm{x} 1 \mathrm{1}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
06

Match \(\mathrm{J}_{\text {carl ash}}\) to Column II

\(\mathrm{J}_{\text {carl ash}}\) is historically related to potassium carbonate. Hence, B matches with (q) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Castner-Kellner Process
The Castner-Kellner process is a fascinating and intricate industrial chemical process. It focuses on the production of **sodium hydroxide** (\(\text{NaOH}\)), a valuable product in various industries. Mainly used in the chlor-alkali industry, this process involves the electrolysis of brine (a concentrated solution of sodium chloride, NaCl).

  • **Chlorine Gas Production:** When the brine undergoes electrolysis, chloride ions (Cl-) form chlorine gas (\(\text{Cl}_2\)).
  • **Hydrogen Gas Generation:** Simultaneously, hydrogen ions (H+) create hydrogen gas (\(\text{H}_2\)) at the cathode.
  • **Sodium Hydroxide Formation:** Finally, the remaining ions, sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH-), combine to form the desired sodium hydroxide.
Apart from NaOH, both chlorine and hydrogen gases are useful by-products. This process is essential since it efficiently provides these products for a multitude of applications, from cleaning agents to the manufacturing of plastics.
Solvay Process
The Solvay process is a remarkable industrial method, predominantly used for producing **sodium bicarbonate** (\(\text{NaHCO}_3\)), also known as baking soda, and further converting it into sodium carbonate (\(\text{Na}_2 ext{CO}_3\)), commonly known as soda ash.

This process unfolds through a series of well-orchestrated reactions:
  • **Raw Materials:** The process starts with limestone (providing calcium carbonate) and salt (sodium chloride).
  • **Key Reaction:** Ammonia and carbon dioxide react with water and brine, forming ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
  • **Recovery & Recycling:** Ammonia is recovered, allowing for continuous reuse, making the process cost-effective.
Advantages of the Solvay process include its efficiency and the environmental benefit of ammonia recycling. The sodium carbonate and bicarbonate produced are integral to many industries, such as glass-making and household cleaning.
Sorel's Cement
Sorel's cement, also known as magnesium oxychloride cement, is a unique and durable product. Unlike conventional Portland cement, it is based primarily on magnesium compounds, providing outstanding properties.

The main components used in creating Sorel's cement are:
  • **Magnesium Oxide (\(\text{MgO}\)):** Often derived from calcined magnesite.
  • **Magnesium Chloride (\(\text{MgCl}_2\)):** Usually obtained from seawater or brine.
When these two components combine, they form a strong binder with excellent properties:
  • **High Compressive Strength:** Sorel's cement is known for its superior compressive strength compared to ordinary cement.
  • **Quick Setting Time:** It sets faster than traditional cements, which can be an advantage in certain applications.
  • **Water Resistance:** Offers better resistance to water, making it suitable for specific construction uses.
Sorel鈥檚 cement is especially beneficial in environments where durability and resistance to elements are required, such as in some prefabricated building and flooring products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Porassium when heated srrongly in oxygcn forms (a) \(\mathbf{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{KO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{KO}_{2}\)

Which of the following is correct? (a) Sodium reduces \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) to carbon. (b) In the Cassncr's process of sodium extracrion, \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) is uscd as an clecrolyrc. (c) Magnalium is an alloy of \(\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(7 \mathrm{n}\). (d) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) rcacrs wirh cold warcr and liberates hydrogen gas.

Match the following: Column I Column II A. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (p) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) absorber B. \(\mathrm{Na}_{-1} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (c) Detergent C. NaOI I (r) Glass D. \(\mathrm{NaOCl}\) (s) Bleach

The oxidc thar gives hydrogcn peroxide on rrearment with a dilure acids is (a) \(\mathrm{T}_{1}^{\prime} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{MnO}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{PbO}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Plaster of Paris hardcns by (a) changing inro \(\mathrm{CaO}\) (b) giving our warcr (c) utilizing water (d) givirg off \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)
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