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Chapter 4: Problem 171

Match the following: Column I Column II A. Sorel's cement (p) \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) B. Albite (c) \(\mathrm{MgO}\) C. A salt of carnalirc (r) \(\mathrm{NaA} \mathrm{ISi}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) D. Glauber's salt (s) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
A-(p,c), B-(r), C-(c), D-(s)

Step by step solution

01

Matching Sorel's Cement

Identify the correct option for Sorel's Cement. Sorel's Cement is a type of cement that uses a combination of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride, so the matches are \[\text{A. Sorel's cement} - \text{(p) } \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\,- \text{(c) } \mathrm{MgO}\]
02

Matching Albite

Determine the correct match for Albite. Albite is a mineral, more precisely a sodium feldspar with the formula \(\mathrm{NaA} \mathrm{ISi}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8}\), therefore it matches:\[\text{B. Albite} - \text{(r) } \mathrm{NaA} \mathrm{ISi}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8}\]
03

Matching Carnalite

Identify the salt of Carnalite. Carnalite typically involves magnesium but the correct option for a salt from the provided list is \[\text{C. A salt of carnalirc} - \text{(c) } \mathrm{MgO}\] which mistakenly should have magnesium content mentioned explicitly.
04

Matching Glauber's Salt

Find the chemical formula that represents Glauber's Salt. Glauber's Salt is known as sodium sulfate decahydrate:\[\text{D. Glauber's salt} - \text{(s) } \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sorel's Cement
Sorel's cement, also known as magnesium oxychloride cement, is a unique construction material noted for its impressive strength and durability. The formation process of this cement involves a chemical reaction between magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium chloride (MgCl鈧�). This reaction forms a crystalline bond, giving the material its remarkable physical properties.

Key characteristics include:
  • High strength and hardness, which make it an excellent choice for flooring and industrial applications.
  • It does not require CO鈧� emissions during its production, making it more environmentally friendly than traditional Portland cement.
  • It is highly resistant to abrasions, acids, and moisture, which further contributes to its long-lasting nature.
However, care must be taken as it is also sensitive to water exposure in large quantities over time, which can lead to its degradation.
Albite
Albite is a mineral belonging to the feldspar group of sodium aluminum silicates. Its chemical formula is NaAlSi鈧僌鈧�. Albite is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and also plays a significant role in the rock cycle.

Here are some important features of Albite:
  • It is a key component of granite and other felsic rocks.
  • Albite typically appears as white or colorless and sometimes exhibits a bluish tone.
  • It helps geologists in understanding the formation conditions of geological structures.
Albite is economically important as it is mined for various applications, such as in glass and ceramics manufacturing, thanks to its high melting point and chemical durability.
Carnalite
Carnalite is a mineral composed mainly of hydrated potassium and magnesium chloride, with the formula KMgCl鈧兟�6H鈧侽. Often found in evaporite deposits, it is a significant source of both potassium and magnesium.

Notable aspects of Carnalite include:
  • It plays a crucial role in the production of potash fertilizers, which are essential for modern agriculture as potassium is a vital nutrient for plant growth.
  • Its extraction primarily takes place in regions with large salt lake deposits.
  • The mineral can appear in colors ranging from white to reddish or yellow based on impurities.
Carnalite's solubility in water makes its extraction and processing relatively straightforward, though its prevalence and viability depend heavily on local climatic conditions.
Glauber's Salt
Glauber's salt, scientifically referred to as sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na鈧係O鈧劼�10H鈧侽), is a naturally occurring mineral salt. Known since ancient times, it served various uses throughout history.

Key features of Glauber's Salt include:
  • As a drying agent in chemical laboratories, its water-binding capacity is valuable in removing moisture from organic liquids.
  • Historically, it was used as a laxative before more refined chemical alternatives became available.
  • It acts as a significant raw material in the chemical industry, used in the manufacture of detergents, paper, and glass.
Moreover, Glauber's Salt demonstrates the classic properties of a salt designed for industrial processes, with its non-toxic nature allowing for widespread usage across multiple fields.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Metal \(\mathrm{X}\) or heating in nitrogen gas gives Y. \(\mathrm{Y}\) on treatment with \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) gives a colourless gas which when passed through CuSO solution gives a blue colour. \(\mathrm{Y}\) is (a) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) () (b) \(\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{\text {. }}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NII}_{3}\)

The oxidation states of the most electroregative element in the products of the reaction, \(\mathrm{BaO}_{2}\) with dil. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) are (a) 0 and \(-1\) (b) \(-1\) and \(-2\) (c) \(-2\) and 0 (d) \(-2\) and \(+\mathrm{l}\)

In curing cement plasters, water is sprinkled from time to time. This helps in (a) keeping sand gravel mixed and cemerlt hydrated. (b) keeping it \(c o 0 l\). (c) converting sand into silicic acid. (d) developing interlocking needle like crystals of hydrated silicates.

Which onc of the following processes will producc hard water? (a) Saturation of water with \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\) (b) \(\Lambda\) ddition of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) to water (c) Sarurarion of warcr wirh \(\mathrm{MgCO}_{3}\) (d) Saruration of warcr wirh \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{1}\)

When a concentrated solution of ammoria is saturated with sodium chloride in the presence of pieces of dry ice, a water cloud is formed. 'lhis is due to the (a) Prccipiration of ammonium carbonarc. (b) Prccipitation of ammonium hydrogcn carbonarc from the mixturc. (c) Prccipirarion of sodium hydrogcn carbonare from the reaction mixturc. (d) Precipitation of sodium carbonate from the reaction mixture.
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