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Chapter 17: Problem 12

The velocity at which friction balances applied force is called the Quantitative/Essay

Short Answer

Expert verified
The velocity is called 'Terminal Velocity.'

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Problem

The problem is asking for a term that describes a specific condition in dynamics where frictional forces equal the applied forces, reaching a state of equilibrium.
02

Defining Key Concepts

In physics, when an object is moving at constant velocity, the net force acting on it is zero. This is because the applied force is balanced by frictional forces. The velocity at which this occurs is a key concept.
03

Identifying the Term

The scientific term for the velocity at which the frictional forces balance the applied forces in such a way that the object moves at constant velocity is 'Terminal Velocity.'

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Friction
Friction is a resisting force that acts opposite to the direction of motion of an object. It occurs when two surfaces interact or rub against each other. Friction plays a crucial role in the physics of motion because it can significantly affect how objects move.

There are different types of friction:
  • Static friction: Prevents an object from starting to move.
  • Kinetic (sliding) friction: Acts on moving objects and slows them down.
  • Rolling friction: Occurs when an object rolls over a surface.
Friction depends on two main factors:
  • The nature of the surfaces in contact (e.g., rougher surfaces have higher friction).
  • The normal force pushing the surfaces together (e.g., heavier objects experience more friction).
In the context of terminal velocity, frictional forces, such as air resistance, balance out the applied force, leading to no net force acting on the object.
Applied Force in Motion
Applied force is the external force exerted on an object to set it in motion or alter its velocity. This force can come from various sources, such as pushing, pulling, or using a mechanical device. In physics, applied force is needed to overcome frictional forces to initiate movement.

When thinking about applied force:
  • It is measured in Newtons (N).
  • It causes acceleration if it is greater than the opposing forces.
  • It must balance with friction to maintain a constant velocity.
An example of applied force is when you push a book across a table. You must exert sufficient force to overcome the friction between the book and the table for it to move at a steady speed.
Achieving Constant Velocity
Constant velocity means that an object is moving at a steady speed in a straight line without speeding up or slowing down. This occurs when all forces acting on the object are balanced, leading to zero net force.

Key aspects of constant velocity include:
  • The object's acceleration is zero.
  • The speed and direction of the object remain unchanged.
  • Both the applied force and the friction balance each other out.
When an object reaches terminal velocity, it continues moving at a constant velocity because the frictional forces (like air resistance) and the applied force (e.g., gravity) match perfectly. This equilibrium of forces keeps the object from accelerating further, ensuring a steady motion. Thus, understanding constant velocity is essential to grasp how forces interact to achieve balance during motion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The protein cyclophilin is a monomer with a diffusion constant of \(1.2 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{Sec}^{-1}\) in water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Cyclophilin binds HIV capsid and the complex has a diffusion constant of \(7 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \cdot \sec ^{-1}\). What is the difference in the typical (r.m.s.) distance that cyclophilin alone will travel versus the cyclophilin-capsid complex in 10 seconds?

There are approximately \(250,000,000\) hemoglobin molecules per red blood cell. How many collisions will an oxygen molecule \(\left(O_{2}\right.\); mass of 32 amu \(=5.3 \times 10^{-26}\) \(\mathrm{kg}\) ) of radius \(0.21 \mathrm{~nm}\) have with hemoglobin of radius \(3 \mathrm{~nm}\) in a blood cell of volume \(10^{-16} \mathrm{~m}^{3}\) in \(1 \mathrm{sec}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? Assume both molecules are spheres, and that the viscosity is that of pure water.

How much resistive force does a 50-nm vesicle experience if it is transported by dynein at \(1 \mu \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{sec}^{-1}\) in the cytoplasm \(\left(\eta=0.2 \mathrm{~g} \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{-1} \cdot \mathrm{sec}^{-1}\right)\) ?

The distance moved in two-dimensional diffusion has a square-root dependence on time \((\sqrt{t})\). In three dimensions, the distance covered through diffusion has a cubed-root dependence on time \((\sqrt[3]{t})\). True/False

The concentration gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos is established by: a. passive diffusion of protein molecules. b. an mRNA gradient. c. spatially biased maternal deposition of mRNA. d. all of the above.
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