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Chapter 7: Problem 3

What is the relationship between a calorie and a joule? Which unit is larger?

Short Answer

Expert verified
1 calorie equals 4.184 joules, making calorie larger.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Units

First, we need to understand what calories and joules measure. Both calories and joules are units of energy. A calorie is often used in food energy, while a joule is the standard unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
02

Conversion Factor

Now, let's establish the conversion factor between calories and joules. It is known that 1 calorie is equivalent to approximately 4.184 joules. This factor helps us convert between these two units.
03

Comparing the Units

To determine which unit is larger, we need to look at the conversion factor. Since 1 calorie equals 4.184 joules, this means that a calorie is larger than a joule because it takes more than 4 joules to equal 1 calorie.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Calorie
A calorie is a unit of energy primarily used in the realm of food and nutrition. It represents the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius at sea level.
For most people, calories are something they encounter daily on nutrition labels, describing the energy content of food.
Here are some key points about calories:
  • Calories help us quantify the energy intake from various food substances.
  • Though vital in understanding dietary energy, the 'calories' we see on food labels are often referring to kilocalories (1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories).
  • In science, calories can help analyze energy transfer processes in physical and chemical reactions.
Joule
The joule is the International System of Units (SI) standard measurement for energy. It is named after James Prescott Joule, a 19th-century physicist who studied the nature of heat and its relationship to mechanical work.
This unit of measurement is quite prevalent in physics and engineering.
Key features of joules include:
  • Joules measure a wide variety of energy forms, including kinetic, thermal, and electrical energy.
  • They help in understanding the amount of work done when a force is applied over a distance.
  • The joule is also used to calculate energy consumption in everyday electrical devices, providing a standard for international energy comparison.
Unit Conversion
Unit conversion is a vital skill when dealing with different measurements. It helps to harmonize units from varying systems into a common understanding.
Converting from calories to joules, and vice versa, is an important example of unit conversion and is necessary due to the different applications of these units.
Here's how you can convert between these units:
  • 1 calorie is equivalent to approximately 4.184 joules. This means you multiply the number of calories by 4.184 to find its energy equivalent in joules.
  • Conversely, to convert joules into calories, divide the number of joules by 4.184.
  • Being proficient in unit conversion allows scientists, engineers, and nutritionists to communicate accurately and assess energy values across systems.
Understanding this conversion is crucial because it highlights how much more energy, in joules, is required to match the energy level of a calorie, which can be especially useful when evaluating energy consumption and efficiency in various contexts.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sulfur dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\right)\) is a pollutant gas that is one cause of acid rain. It is oxidized in the atmosphere to sulfur trioxide \(\left(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\right)\), which then combines with water to make sulfuric acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)\). a. Write the balanced reaction for the oxidation of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) to make \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\). (The other reactant is diatomic oxygen.) b. When \(1 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) reacts to make \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}, 23.6 \mathrm{kcal}\) of energy are given off. If \(100 \mathrm{lb}(1 \mathrm{lb}=454 \mathrm{~g})\) of \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) were converted to \(\mathrm{SO}_{3}\), what would be the total energy change?

Is each chemical reaction exothermic or endothermic? a. \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}(\mathrm{~g})+137 \mathrm{~kJ}\) b. \(\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}\), graphite \()+1.9 \mathrm{~kJ} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}\), diamond \()\)

Determine the heat capacity of a substance if \(23.6 \mathrm{~g}\) of the substance gives off 199 cal of heat when its temperature changes from \(37.9^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(20.9^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

If 1,650 cal of heat are required to vaporize a sample that has a heat of vaporization of \(137 \mathrm{cal} / \mathrm{g}\), what is the mass of the sample?

A serving of potato chips has 160 kal. If the chips have 15 g of carbohydrates and \(2.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of protein, about how many grams of fat are in a serving of potato chips?
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