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Magazine Chapter 3: Problem 4
Name each ion. a. \(\mathrm{Ra}^{2+}\) b. \(\mathrm{p}^{3-}\) c. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-}\) d. \(\mathrm{Sn}^{4+}\)
Short Answer
Expert verified
Radium ion, phosphide ion, dihydrogen phosphate, tin(IV) ion.
Step by step solution
01
Identify the Element for Ra^{2+}
The element symbol 'Ra' stands for radium. Radium is an alkaline earth metal and forms a positive ion with a 2+ charge.
02
Name the Ion for Ra^{2+}
Radium ions typically have a 2+ charge when they lose two electrons. Therefore, the ion \( \mathrm{Ra}^{2+} \) is named radium ion.
03
Identify the Element for P^{3-}
The element symbol 'P' stands for phosphorus. This non-metal forms a negative ion by gaining electrons.
04
Name the Ion for P^{3-}
When phosphorus gains three electrons, it forms the \( \mathrm{P}^{3-} \) ion, known as the phosphide ion, following the convention to use '-ide' for anions.
05
Break Down the Compound H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}
The compound \( \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-} \) is known as a polyatomic ion. It comprises two hydrogen atoms, one phosphorus atom, and four oxygen atoms.
06
Name the Ion for H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}
The polyatomic ion \( \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{4}^{-} \) is known as dihydrogen phosphate, commonly found in acids and salt formations.
07
Identify the Element for Sn^{4+}
The element symbol 'Sn' stands for tin. This metal can form positive ions with different charges, including 4+.
08
Name the Ion for Sn^{4+}
The \( \mathrm{Sn}^{4+} \) ion is a tin ion with a 4+ charge and is typically referred to as tin(IV) ion, where the charge is specified with Roman numerals.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline earth metals are a group of elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table. These metals are known for their characteristic ability to form cations with a 2+ charge. This means when they lose two electrons, they become positively charged ions. Here are some key points about alkaline earth metals:
- Common elements include beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
- These elements are all shiny and silvery-white in appearance.
- They are somewhat reactive metals, especially in the presence of water and oxygen.
- These metals form basic oxides and hydroxides, hence the term 'alkaline' in their name.
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are charged particles which consist of multiple atoms bonded together, carrying a net charge as a group. They can either be positively or negatively charged. They play a crucial role in chemistry, forming the building blocks of many compounds and solutions:
- Polyatomic ions commonly carry a negative charge, but they can also be positive.
- They are often seen in salts and minerals.
- The nomenclature typically ends with '-ate' or '-ite' for negatively charged ions.
Phosphide Ion
The phosphide ion is a simple anion, formed when a phosphorus atom gains three additional electrons, resulting in a \( \mathrm{P}^{3-} \) ion. Phosphorus behaves like many non-metals, readily gaining electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell. Here are some useful facts about the phosphide ion:
- It is a binary ion, meaning it consists of only one type of element, which is phosphorus in this case.
- In chemical nomenclature, '-ide' is a common suffix used for anions like phosphide, indicating it's a simple ion.
- Phosphides are commonly found in compounds involving metals, forming salts like calcium phosphide.
