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Chapter 10: Problem 2

Name a strong base and a weak base.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A strong base is NaOH; a weak base is NH鈧�.

Step by step solution

01

Define Strong and Weak Bases

A strong base is a base that completely dissociates in solution to give OH鈦� ions. A weak base is one that only partially dissociates in solution.
02

Name a Strong Base

An example of a strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide dissociates completely in water to form Na鈦� and OH鈦� ions.
03

Name a Weak Base

An example of a weak base is ammonia (NH鈧�). Ammonia only partially dissociates in water to form NH鈧勨伜 and OH鈦� ions.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Dissociation
In the context of acids and bases, dissociation refers to the process by which a compound breaks apart into its ions when dissolved in water. This concept is crucial in understanding the distinction between strong and weak bases. When a substance dissociates completely, it means that all the molecules of the base separate into ions in solution.

  • Strong bases, like sodium hydroxide (NaOH), disassociate fully, producing hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) in high concentration.
  • On the other hand, weak bases, such as ammonia (NH鈧�), only partially dissociate. This means they do not release all of their hydroxide ions into the solution.
The degree of dissociation directly affects the pH of the solution. A greater dissociation results in a higher concentration of OH鈦� ions, leading to a higher pH level. Understanding dissociation is fundamental to chemistry, as it influences reactivity and the behavior of substances in different environments.
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is a common example of a strong base. When added to water, it dissociates completely into sodium (Na鈦�) and hydroxide ions (OH鈦�). This total dissociation makes solutions of sodium hydroxide highly alkaline.

  • It is used in many industrial processes, including soap making and paper manufacturing.
  • Its strong basicity means it has significant applications in neutralizing acids.
Due to its high reactivity, handling sodium hydroxide requires care as it can cause severe chemical burns. Always use appropriate safety measures, such as gloves and eye protection, when working with it.
Ammonia
Ammonia is a well-known weak base. In water, ammonia (NH鈧�) does not fully dissociate, meaning a significant portion remains as NH鈧� molecules rather than forming ions. This partial dissociation results in fewer hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) in solution compared to a strong base.

  • Ammonia is commonly used as a household cleaner and a fertilizer due to its ability to adjust pH levels.
  • In aqueous solutions, ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium ions (NH鈧勨伜) and hydroxide ions (OH鈦�), though not completely.
Its mild alkaline properties make ammonia useful in various chemical reactions where a gentle base is needed. Understanding ammonia's behavior helps in managing situations where a less aggressive base is required.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the aqueous solutions of some salts, one of the ions from the salt can react with water molecules. In some \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) solutions, the following reaction can occur: \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})\) Is \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) acting as an acid or a base in this reaction?

A friend brings you a small sample of an unknown chemical. Assuming that the chemical is soluble in water, how would you determine if the chemical is an acid or a base?

The Lewis definitions of an acid and a base are based on electron pairs, not protons. A Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor, while a Lewis base is an electron pair donor. Use Lewis diagrams to show that \(\mathrm{H}^{+}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\) is an acid-base reaction in the Lewis sense as well as in the Arrhenius and Br酶nsted-Lowry senses.

Gastric juice, the digestive fluid produced in the stomach, contains hydrochloric acid, HCl. Milk of Magnesia, a suspension of solid \(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) in an aqueous medium, is sometimes used to neutralize excess stomach acid. Write a complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction.

Is each compound a strong acid or a weak acid? Assume all are in aqueous solution. 1\. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) 2\. \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}\) 3\. \(\mathrm{HPO}_{4}^{2-}\) 4\. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\)
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