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Chapter 23: Q37P (page 631)

In chromatography, why is the optimal flow rate greater if the stationary phase particle size is smaller?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The solution is

the smaller the particle, the faster the equilibrium between the stationary and mobile phases is achieved.

Step by step solution

01

of 3

In this job, we will explain why the ideal flow rate in chromatography is higher when the stationary phase particle size is lower.

02

of 3

Representative diffusion coefficients at 289K are shown in Table 23-1:

- As the size of the diffusing particle and the viscosity of the fluid both rise, the friction coefficient increases.

- Some larger molecules diffuse slower than small ones due to their vast radius.

03

of 3

As a result, the smaller the particle, the faster the equilibrium between the stationary and mobile phases is achieved.

- As seen in Table 23-1, tiny molecules have a greater diffusion coefficient.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Write the meaning of the retention factor,k, in terms of time spent by solute in each phase. (b) Write an expression in terms of kfor the fraction of time spent by a solute molecule in the mobile phase. (c) The retention ratio in chromatography is defined as R=timeforsolventtimeforsolutetopassthroughcolumn=tmtrShow that is related to the retention factor by the equation R=1/k+1

23-32. Chromatograms of compounds A and B were obtained at the same flow rate with two columns of equal length. The value of tmis 1.3m in both cases.


(a) Which column has more theoretical plates?

(b) Which column has a larger plate height?

(c) Which column gives higher resolution?

(d) Which column gives a greater relative retention?

(e) Which compound has a higher retention factor?

(f) Which compound has a greater partition coefficient?

(g) What is the numerical value of the retention factor of peak A?

(h) What is the numerical value of the retention factor of peak B?

(i) What is the numerical value of the relative retention?

For a given value of [HL]orgin Equation 23-13, over what pH range (how many pH units) will D change from if n = 2?

Consider the extraction of 100mLofM+2by2mLof1脳10-5MdithizoneinCHCl3for which KL=1.1脳104,KM=7脳1024,Ka=3脳10-5,尾=5脳1018,n=2(a) Derive an expression for the fraction of metal ion extracted into the organic phase, in terms of the distribution coefficient and volumes of the two phases. (b) Prepare a graph of the percentage of metal ion extracted over the pH range 0 to 5.

Why is the extraction of a metal ion into an organic solvent with more complete at higher ?
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