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Chapter 24: Q26P (page 664)

(a) How can you improve the resolution between two closely spaced peaks in gas chromatography?

(b) What approach from (a) would be most cost effective (not involve a purchase)?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a). In gas chromatography, to show how to improve the resolution between two closely spaced peaks.

(b). Optimizing the flow rate and temperature in gas chromatography is the most effective way to improve the resolution between the two closely spaced peaks.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of chromatography 

As a result of differential distribution of the solutes as they flow over or over a stationary liquid or solid phase, a chemical mixture transported by a liquid or gas is split into components.

02

Determine the resolution between two closely spaced peaks in gas chromatography  

(a)

  • It is necessary to discuss how to improve the resolution between two closely spaced peaks in gas chromatography.
  • In gas chromatography, to show how to improve the resolution between two closely spaced peaks.
  • In gas chromatography, there are several approaches to increase the resolution between two closely spaced peaks:
  • Increase the column's length while decreasing its diameter.
  • By altering the stationary phase of the system.
  • By maximising the pace of flow.
  • Increase the retention factor by increasing the thickness of the film as the temperature drops.
03

Determine in what approach from (a) would be most cost effective (not involve a purchase)

(b)

  • It is necessary to take the most cost-effective technique.
  • To provide the most cost-effective solution
  • Optimizing the flow rate and temperature in gas chromatography is the most effective way to improve the resolution between the two closely spaced peaks.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

3. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a narrower open tubular column?

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a longer open tubular column?

(c) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a thicker film of stationary phase?

The gasoline additive methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) has been leaking into groundwater ever since its introduction in the. MTBE can be measured at parts per billion levels by solid-phase microextraction from groundwater to which 25 % (wt/vol) NaCl has been added (salting out, Problem 8-9). After microextraction, analytes are thermally desorbed from the fiber in the port of a gas chromatograph. The figure on the next page shows a reconstructed total ion chromatogram and selected ion monitoring of substances desorbed from the extraction fiber.

(a) What is the purpose of adding NaCl prior to extraction?

(b) What nominal mass is being observed in selected ion monitoring? Why are only three peaks observed?

(c) Here is a list of major ions above m/z50 in the mass spectra. The base (tallest) peak is marked by an asterisk. Given that MTBE and TAME have an intense peak at m/z,73 and there is no significant peak at m/z,73 for ETBE, suggest a structure for m/z,73. Suggest structures for all ions listed in the table.

(a) Use Trouton's rule, 鈭�Hvap掳鈮�(88Jmol-1K-1)Tbp, to estimate the enthalpy of vaporization of octane (b.p. 126掳).

(b) Use the form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation below to estimate the vapor pressure of octane at the column temperature in Figure 24-9(70掳C)

In(P1P2)=-(鈭�HvapR)(1T1-1T2)

(c) Calculate the vapor pressure for hexane (b.p. 69掳C) at70掳C

(d) What is the relationship between solute vapor pressure and retention?

(e) Why is the technique called "gas chromatography鈥� if retained analytes are only partially vaporized?

Use Table 24-2 to predict the elution order of the following compounds from columns containing (a) poly (dimethyl siloxane), (b) (diphenyl)0.35(dimethyl)0.65polysiloxane, and (c) poly (ethylene glycol): hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, butanol, 2-pentanone.

(a) When a solution containing234mg of pentanol (FM 88.15) and237mg of 2,3 -dimethyl-2-butanol (FM 102.17) in10.0ml was separated, relative peak areas were pentanol: 2,3 -dimethyl-2-butanol = 0.913 : 1.00. Considering pentanol to be the internal standard, find the response factor for 2,3 -dimethyl-2-butanol.

(b) Use Equation 24-8 to find the areas for pentanol and 2,3 -dimethyl-2-butanol in Figure 24-8.

(c) The concentration of pentanol internal standard in the unknown solution was93.7mM . What was the concentration of 2,3 -dimethyl2-butanol?
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