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Chapter 3: Q12P (page 62)

State whether the errors in (a)-(d) are random or systematic:

(a) A 25 - mL transfer pipet consistently delivers 25.031卤0.009mL.

(b) A 10 - mL buret consistently delivers role="math" localid="1663303542431" 1.98卤0.01mLwhen drained from exactly 0 to exactly 2mL and consistently delivers 2.03mL卤0.02mL when drained from 2 to 4mL .

(c) A 10 - mL buret delivered 1.9839g of water when drained from exactly 0.00 to 2.00mL . The next time I delivered water from the 0.00 to the 2.00mL mark, the delivered mass was .

(d) Four consecutive 20.0 - 渭L injections of a solution into a chromatograph were made and the area of a particular peak was 4383 , 4410, 4401 , and 4390 units.

Short Answer

Expert verified

A. Systematic error

B. Random error

C. Random error

D. Systematic error

Step by step solution

01

Definition of systematic and random error.

猞� Systematic errors are mistakes that are not caused by chance, but rather by an inherent inaccuracy in the system (including either the observation or measurement process). The term "systematic error" can also refer to a mistake with a nonzero mean that has no impact when the observations are averaged.

猞� The term "random error" refers to an unanticipated disruption in the experiment caused by an unknown source. In theory, you may track down the cause of the mistake and eliminate it in a better trial, bringing the measured mean closer to the real mean. Random mistake can be either beneficial or harmful, and it can't be avoided.

02

Determine whether the error in (a)-(d) is systematic or random.

A. Systematic error

B. Random error

C. Random error

D. Systematic error

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose that in a gravimetric analysis, you forget to dry the filter crucibles before collecting precipitate. After filtering the product, you dry the product and crucible thoroughly before weighing them. Is the apparent mass of product always high or always low? Is the error in mass systematic or random?

You can calculate the time it will take for an object to fall from the top of a building to the ground if you know the height of the building. If the height has an uncertainty of 1.0% ,what is the uncertainty in time?

Compute the molecular mass and its uncertainty for NH3. What is the percent relative uncertainty in molecular mass?

Vernier scale. The figure below shows a scale found on instruments such as a micrometer caliper used for accurately measuring dimensions of objects. The lower scale slides along the upper scale and is used to interpolate between the markings on the upper scale. In (a), the reading (at the left-hand 0 of the lower scale) is between 1.4and 1.5on the upper scale. To find the exact reading, observe which mark on the lower scale is aligned with a mark on the upper scale. Because theon the lower scale is aligned with the upper scale, the correct reading is 1.46. Write the correct readings in (b) and (c) and indicate how many significant figures are in each reading.

Write each answer with the correct number of significant figures.

(a)1.0+2.1+3.4+5.8=12.3000

(b) 106.9 - 31.4 = 75.5000

(c)107.868(2.113脳102)+(5.623脳103)=5519.568

(d)(26.14/37.62)脳4.38=3.043413

(e(26.14/37.62脳108)脳(4.38脳10-2)=3.043413脳10-10

(f)(26.14/3.38)+4.2=4.5999

(g)log(3.98脳104)=4.5999

(h)10-6.31=4.89779脳10-7
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