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Chapter 1: Problem 121

The oxidation states of S-atoms in Caro's and Marshell's acids are: (a) \(+6,+6\) (b) \(+6,+4\) (c) \(+6,-6\) (d) \(+4,+6\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The oxidation states of S-atoms in Caro's acid (H2SO5) and Marshall's acid (H2S2O7) are both +6, so option (a) +6, +6 is correct.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Formulas for Caro's and Marshall's Acids

Caro's acid is known as persulfuric acid with the chemical formula H2SO5. Marshall's acid is known as pyrosulfuric acid, which has the chemical formula H2S2O7.
02

Determine the Oxidation State of Sulfur in Caro's Acid (H2SO5)

Using the oxidation state rules, oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2, and hydrogen typically has +1. In H2SO5, accounting for all oxygens and hydrogens, the total charge contributed by H and O would be +2(-2*5) = -8 from the oxygen and +1(2) = +2 from the hydrogen. The sum of oxidation states must equal zero for a neutral molecule. Solving for sulfur's oxidation state, x, in the equation 2(+1) + x + 5(-2) = 0, yields x = +6 for sulfur.
03

Determine the Oxidation State of Sulfur in Marshall's Acid (H2S2O7)

Similarly for H2S2O7, with hydrogen having an oxidation state of +1, and oxygen as -2, the equation for the sulfurs' oxidation states would be: 2(+1) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0. Solving for x gives x = +6 for sulfur.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Caro's Acid
Caro's acid, commonly known as persulfuric acid, is a powerful oxidizing agent in chemistry. Its chemical formula is expressed as H2SO5. In this compound, sulfur is bonded to hydrogen and oxygen atoms, which both influence its oxidation state.

Understanding the structure of Caro's acid is crucial when learning about how molecules behave and react. The acid features a unique arrangement of oxygen atoms, including a peroxide linkage (-O-O-), which is key in various chemical reactions. Determining the oxidation state of sulfur in Caro's acid is a fundamental concept that helps predict how this acid will interact with other substances, making it a valuable exercise for students.
Marshall's Acid
Marshall's acid, also referred to as pyrosulfuric acid, has a formula H2S2O7. This name is derived from its production by dehydrating sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a process that involves condensation of two sulfuric acid molecules with the removal of one water molecule.

The oxidation state of sulfur in Marshall's acid helps explain its strong acidic characteristics. As a sulfur-oxygen compound, this acid displays behaviors essential for a range of industrial applications, making its understanding a key aspect of both inorganic chemistry studies and commercial chemical processes.
Chemical Formula
The chemical formula of a substance is a symbolic representation that displays the elements present in the compound and their relative proportions. In the context of Caro's and Marshall's acids, the formulas H2SO5 and H2S2O7 indicate that both acids are composed of hydrogen (H), sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) atoms.

The chemical formulas help chemists quickly understand the makeup and ratios of atoms within the compound. This is a foundational concept in chemistry, crucial for gaining insights into how the substance behaves, reacts with other chemicals, and how it can be used within different chemical applications.
Oxidation State Rules
The oxidation states of elements within a compound are essential for understanding the electron transfer that occurs during chemical reactions. Common rules to determine oxidation states in chemistry include: Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2, hydrogen is usually +1, and the sum of oxidation states for a neutral compound must equal zero.

Using these principles, we can unravel the oxidation state of sulfur in Caro's and Marshall's acids by setting up algebraic equations considering the contributions of hydrogen and oxygen. These rules not only simplify complex concepts but are paramount for balancing chemical equations and studying redox reactions, where the change in the oxidation state indicates a transfer of electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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