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Chapter 9: Problem 153

How many of the following are addition copolymer? (i) Natural rubber (ii) Neoprene (iii) Buna-N (iv) Gutta Purcha (v) Nylon-6,6 (vi) Teflon (vii) \(\mathrm{PAN}\) (viii) Bakelite (ix) Dacron ( \(\mathrm{x}\) ) Buna-S

Short Answer

Expert verified
There are 4 addition copolymers among the given examples: Buna-N (iii), Nylon-6,6 (v), Dacron (ix), and Buna-S (x).

Step by step solution

01

(i) Natural Rubber

Natural rubber is a homopolymer made from the polymerization of isoprene, a single monomer. Therefore, it is not an addition copolymer.
02

(ii) Neoprene

Neoprene is a homopolymer made from the polymerization of chloroprene, a single monomer. Therefore, it is not an addition copolymer.
03

(iii) Buna-N

Buna-N, also known as nitrile rubber, is a copolymer derived from the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and acrylonitrile. It is formed from two different monomers, making it an addition copolymer.
04

(iv) Gutta Purcha

Gutta Purcha is a homopolymer made from the polymerization of isoprene, a single monomer, similar to natural rubber. Therefore, it is not an addition copolymer.
05

(v) Nylon-6,6

Nylon-6,6 is a type of condensation (addition) polymer formed by the reaction between hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, resulting in a copolymer. Therefore, it is an addition copolymer.
06

(vi) Teflon

Teflon is a homopolymer made from the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene, a single monomer. Therefore, it is not an addition copolymer.
07

(vii) PAN

PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) is a homopolymer made from the polymerization of acrylonitrile, a single monomer. Therefore, it is not an addition copolymer.
08

(viii) Bakelite

Bakelite is a condensation polymer formed by the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, resulting in a copolymer. However, it is not formed by the addition (polymerization) process, so it is not an addition copolymer.
09

(ix) Dacron

Dacron is a polymer made from the reaction between ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, resulting in a copolymer. Therefore, it is an addition copolymer.
10

(x) Buna-S

Buna-S, also known as styrene-butadiene rubber, is a copolymer derived from the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and styrene. It is formed from two different monomers, making it an addition copolymer. In conclusion, the addition copolymers among these examples are: Buna-N (iii), Nylon-6,6 (v), Dacron (ix), and Buna-S (x).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Polymerization
Polymerization is a fascinating chemical process where small molecules, called monomers, link together to form larger structures known as polymers. Imagine monomers as single beads that join to form a long chain or multiple chains. The process of polymerization can occur through different mechanisms like addition or condensation.
  • In addition polymerization, monomers add to each other without losing any small molecules. This process involves only the monomers creating a continuous chain.
  • Condensation polymerization, on the other hand, not only joins monomers but also releases small molecules like water as by-products.
Breaking down the types, we can visualize addition polymerization as a simple stacking process while condensation resembles a more complex one with extra steps involved. Understanding polymerization introduces us to the various ways materials and substances, like plastics, are formed and how they achieve their unique properties.
Copolymer
A copolymer is a special type of polymer that is formed when two or more different types of monomers are polymerized together. This blending of monomers allows for the creation of a material with unique properties that a single type of monomer could not achieve alone. There are different configurations of copolymers:
  • Random Copolymers: Monomers are arranged in a random sequence.
  • Alternating Copolymers: Two distinct monomers alternate throughout the polymer chain.
  • Block Copolymers: Distinct blocks of one type of monomer appear in sequence with blocks of another kind.
  • Graft Copolymers: One type of monomer forms a backbone, with branches of other monomers attached.
Copolymers are versatile and can be tailored to fit specific needs, which is why they are so prevalent in manufacturing industries. They can offer superior strength, flexibility, or resistance to chemicals compared to their homopolymer counterparts. Examples like Buna-N and Buna-S highlight how copolymers are utilized in everyday items such as synthetic rubber.
Homopolymer
Homopolymers are the simplest type of polymers as they are made from repeating units of the same monomer type. Much like a single bead type making up a long necklace, these consist of just one kind of building block repeating over and over. Some salient features and examples include:
  • They often have uniformity in their structure, which might result in predictable properties like density and melting point.
  • Common examples include materials like polyethylene and polypropylene, known for their use in making plastic bags and bottles.
  • Homopolymers are straightforward to manufacture, which makes them commonly used in a wide range of applications.
While they may not offer the complex properties of copolymers, homopolymers are indispensable in the industry. Structures like Neoprene and PAN demonstrate how homopolymers, although simple, serve as building blocks for many essential products.

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