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Chapter 1: Problem 11

The ratio of number of alcohol group in compounds: Glycerol, Ethylene glycol and Tertiary butanol is respectively (A) \(1: 2: 3\) (B) \(3: 2: 1\) (C) \(2: 3: 1\) (D) \(3: 1: 2\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The ratio of alcohol groups in Glycerol, Ethylene glycol, and Tertiary butanol is \(3:2:1\). Therefore, the correct answer is (B).

Step by step solution

01

Write the structural formula for each compound

Glycerol - \(C_3H_8O_3\): CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH Ethylene glycol - \(C_2H_6O_2\): HO-CH2-CH2-OH Tertiary butanol - \(C_4H_{10}O\): (CH3)3C-OH
02

Count the alcohol groups

In Glycerol, we have 3 alcohol groups: CH2OH, CHOH, CH2OH In Ethylene glycol, we have 2 alcohol groups: HO, OH In Tertiary butanol, we have 1 alcohol group: OH
03

Find the ratio

The ratio of alcohol groups in Glycerol, Ethylene glycol, and Tertiary butanol is: \(3:2:1\)
04

Choose the correct answer

According to our calculation, the correct ratio of the alcohol groups is \(3:2:1\), which corresponds to option (B). So, the correct answer is (B).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Glycerol
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound; it's also known as glycerin or glycerine. In its structure, glycerol is composed of three carbon atoms, which are each bonded to an alcohol (\( -OH \)) group. This structure is represented as \( CH_2OH-CHOH-CH_2OH \). Due to this tri-ol structure, glycerol is known as a trihydric alcohol.

Because it contains three alcohol groups, glycerol is highly hydrophilic, meaning it attracts water, making it useful in products that require moisture retention, such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
  • Structure: Three alcohol groups in glycerol allow it to form hydrogen bonds, increasing its boiling point and solubility in water.
  • Applications: Glycerol is utilized in making soaps, as a food sweetener, and in the medical field for treatments.
Its multiple \( -OH \) groups give it a syrupy consistency and a mildly sweet taste.
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene glycol is a diol, meaning it has two alcohol groups attached to its carbon atoms. The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is \( C_2H_6O_2 \), and its structural representation is \( HO-CH_2-CH_2-OH \). Thanks to its two \( -OH \) groups, ethylene glycol is particularly useful as an antifreeze.
  • Key Uses: This compound is widely used in automotive antifreeze and as a precursor to polymers.
  • Structure: The presence of two alcohol groups allows it to form hydrogen bonds, which contribute to its high boiling point and low freezing point.
Furthermore, ethylene glycol's alcohol groups boost its solubility in water, making it an excellent solvent. However, it's important to handle this compound with care because it is toxic when ingested.
Tertiary Butanol
Tertiary butanol, also known as tert-butanol or t-butanol, is a type of alcohol where the central carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms and one \( -OH \) group. This tertiary alcohol has the chemical formula \( C_4H_{10}O \), and its structure can be represented as \( (CH_3)_3C-OH \).

Tertiary butanol is known for its relative stability as an alcohol, owing to the branching of its carbon structure.
  • Stability: With one alcohol group, it forms fewer hydrogen bonds compared to other alcohols like glycerol and ethylene glycol.
  • Uses: Tertiary butanol serves as a solvent in organic chemistry and is used in the production of cosmetics and flavors.
Its unique structure not only contributes to its high melting and boiling points but also results in its being a white crystalline solid at room temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following statement(s), planarity is a dominating phenomenon? (A) Cycloctatetraene (COT) is non-aromatic in nature (B) \(p\)-methyl benzoic acid is weaker acid than \(o\)-methyl benzoic acid (C) [10] annulene is non-aromatic in nature (D) \(o\)-toluidine is less basic than \(p\)-toluidine

The number of \(p\)-molecular orbitals completely filled in the ground state of benzene is (A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) None

Arrange the following in decreasing order of dipole moment: (I) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (II) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{O}\) (III) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{O}\) \((\mathrm{IV}) \mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{O}\) (A) \(\mathrm{I}>\mathrm{II}>\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{IV}\) (B) \(\mathrm{IV}>\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{II}>\mathrm{I}\) \((\mathrm{C}) \mathrm{II}>\mathrm{III}>\mathrm{IV}>\mathrm{I}\) (D) IV > II > III > I

The heat of hydrogenation of 1-hexene is \(126 \mathrm{kJmol}\). When a second double bond is introduced in 1 -hexene, the heat of hydrogenation of the resulting compound is found to be \(230 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\). The resulting compound (diene) is (A) 1,5 -hexadiene (B) 1,4 -hexadiene (C) 1,3 -hexadiene (D) 2,4-hexadiene

Choose the correct option(s). (A) As the more hyperconjugating structures form in alkene, bond length of double bond decrease. (B) Isotopic effect is observed in hyperconjugation. (C) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{C}^{\oplus} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) has 9 hyperconjugation structures involving only \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) bond. (D) Unidirectional hyperconjugation increases stability of isobutene compared to trans-but-2-ene.
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