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Chapter 5: Problem 186

\((\mathrm{A}): \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{3}\) is a dibasic acid. \((\mathbf{R})\) : There are two hydrogen atoms directly attached to phosphorus

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statement A is correct but R is incorrect.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Dibasic Acids

Dibasic acids can donate two protons ( Hydrogen ions), meaning they have two acidic hydrogens that can dissociate. An example is sulfuric acid (2SO2O), which can lose two hydrogen atoms in water to produce hydronium ions.
02

Analyze the Structure of 6HPO3

Examine the chemical structure of 6HPO3. This acid has the structure P(OH)4(OH), with only two hydrogen atoms linked to oxygen. These two -OH groups are responsible for its dibasic nature as only these can dissociate.
03

Evaluate the Given Statement A

Based on our analysis, there are two hydrogen atoms in 6HPO3 that can dissociate, confirming that it is indeed a dibasic acid. Statement A is correct.
04

Assess Statement R

Statement R claims there are two hydrogen atoms directly attached to phosphorus, but in 6HPO3, the acidic hydrogens are attached to the oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl groups, not directly to phosphorus. Therefore, statement R is incorrect.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Acidic Hydrogens
In chemistry, acids are defined by their ability to donate hydrogen ions (also known as protons). The acidic hydrogens in a compound are these very hydrogens that can be donated in an aqueous solution. For a dibasic acid, like phosphorous acid (H鈧働O鈧�), this means it can release two hydrogen ions.

Acidic hydrogens are crucial for determining the acidity and the behavior of acid in reactions.
  • They are typically bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, which helps in their release as ions.
  • The availability and ease of release of these hydrogen ions determine the acid's strength and reactivity.
Understanding which hydrogens in the molecule are acidic helps predict how the molecule will behave in water and in chemical reactions.
Hydroxyl Groups
Hydroxyl groups, represented as -OH, are a critical part of many chemical structures, especially in acids like H鈧働O鈧�. These groups are essential because they often hold the acidic hydrogens that can be ionized in water.

In H鈧働O鈧�, two out of the three hydrogen atoms are part of these hydroxyl groups. Here鈥檚 why they鈥檙e important:
  • The hydrogen atom within a hydroxyl group can dissociate to form a proton, contributing to the compound's acidity.
  • The presence of hydroxyl groups indicates possible sites for chemical reactions, such as bonding with other molecules or dissociating in water.
Knowing the location and role of hydroxyl groups in a molecule lets chemists predict solubility, reactivity, and other chemical properties.
Chemical Structure Analysis
Analyzing a compound's chemical structure is the key to understanding its behavior and function. H鈧働O鈧� serves as an excellent example of how structure affects chemical properties.

The structural formula of H鈧働O鈧� can be represented as P(OH)鈧� with the phosphorus atom in the center bonded to three hydroxyl groups. Here's a simple breakdown:
  • By examining this structure, we notice which hydrogen atoms are acidic and can dissociate.
  • The arrangement of atoms shows the likely paths for chemical reactions and interactions.
  • Understanding the spatial arrangement also informs us how the molecule might interact with other substances.
Chemical structure analysis is fundamental in determining how a compound will behave under different conditions and helps in formulating reactions.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The solubility product of AgI in water is \(4.9 \times 10^{-11}\) at a given temperature. The solubility of \(\mathrm{AgI}\) in \(0.001 \mathrm{M}\) KI solution is a. \(7.0 \times 10^{-7}\) b. \(4.8 \times 10^{-3}\) c. \(7.0 \times 10^{-8}\) d. \(5.9 \times 10^{-10}\)

Potassium chromate is slowly added to a solution containing \(0.20 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\) and \(0.20 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) Describe what happens if the Ksp for \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}\) is \(1.1 \times 10^{-12}\) and the \(\mathrm{Ksp}\) of \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) is \(1.2 \times 10^{-10}\) a. The \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}\) precipitates first out of solution and then \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) precipitates. b. The \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) precipitates first out of solution. c. Both \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) precipitate simultaneously out of solution. d. Neither \(\mathrm{Ag}_{2} \mathrm{CrO}_{4}\) nor \(\mathrm{BaCrO}_{4}\) precipitates out of solution.

For the decomposition of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}(\mathrm{~g})\) in a closed vessel, the degree of dissociation is \(\alpha\) at total pressure (P). \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{PCl}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) ; \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}}\) Which among the following relations is correct? a. \(\left.\alpha=\sqrt{[}\left(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}}+\mathrm{P}\right) / \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}}\right]\) b. \(\left.\alpha=\sqrt{[} \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}} /\left(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{p}}+\mathrm{P}\right)\right]\) c. \(\alpha=1 / \sqrt{\left(K_{p}+P\right)}\) d. \(\alpha=\sqrt{\left(K_{p}+P\right)}\)

The following two isomers of \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{NO}\) exist in equilibrium with each other in solution: If \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{C}}=0.57\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the initial concentration of the reactant is \(0.50 \mathrm{M}\) and the product is \(0.70 \mathrm{M}\), what are the concentrations at equilibrium? a. \([\) Reactant \(]=0.46 \mathrm{M}\) and \([\) Product \(]=0.28 \mathrm{M}\) b. [Reactant] \(=0.69 \mathrm{M}\) and \([\) Product \(]=0.48 \mathrm{M}\) c. \([\) Reactant \(]=0.96 \mathrm{M}\) and \([\) Product \(]=0.47 \mathrm{M}\) d. [Reactant \(]=0.76 \mathrm{M}\) and [Product \(]=0.44 \mathrm{M}\)

The dissociation of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) is favoured by I. Increase of pressure II. Decrease of pressure III. Increase of temperature IV. More concentration of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) a. I, III, IV b. II, III, IV c. I, IV d. III and IV
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