Problem 40 Give the structure corresponding... [FREE SOLUTION]

Chapter 9: Problem 40

Give the structure corresponding to each name. a. 4 -ethyl- 3 -heptanol e. 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol b. trans-2-methylcyclohexanol f. diisobutyl ether c. \(2,3,3\) -trimethyl-2-butanol g. 1,2 -epoxy \(-1,3,3\) -trimethylcyclohexane d. 6 -sec-butyl- 7,7 -diethyl- 4 -decanol h. 1-ethoxy-3-ethylheptane

Short Answer

Expert verified

The structures correspond to their respective IUPAC names by identifying substituents and functional groups at specified positions on the carbon chain or ring.

Step by step solution

Understanding IUPAC Naming for 4-Ethyl-3-Heptanol

The name '4-ethyl-3-heptanol' provides information about the structure of the compound. The root 'heptanol' indicates a seven-carbon chain (heptane) with an alcohol group (-OH) on the third carbon. The '4-ethyl' specifies an ethyl group (CH鈧僀H鈧�-) attached to the fourth carbon. To draw this compound, start with a straight chain of seven carbon atoms, add the -OH functional group to the third carbon, and attach an ethyl group to the fourth carbon.

Drawing 4-Ethyl-3-Heptanol

Begin with a seven-carbon chain. Number the carbon chain from one end so that the functional group (-OH) has the lowest possible number. Attach the -OH group on the third carbon. Then, attach an ethyl group to the fourth carbon in the chain. The structure will look like CH鈧僀H鈧�-CH(CH鈧侰H鈧�)CH(OH)CH鈧侰H鈧侰H鈧�.

Understanding Structure of 3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol

The name '3-chloro-1,2-propanediol' refers to a three-carbon chain (propane), with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the first and second carbons and a chlorine (Cl) atom on the third carbon.

Drawing 3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol

Draw a three-carbon chain. Attach -OH groups to the first and second carbons. Finally, place a chlorine atom on the third carbon. The structure is HOCH鈧�-CHOH-CH鈧侰l.

Decoding trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol

The name 'trans-2-methylcyclohexanol' refers to a cyclohexane ring with an -OH group at the second position and a methyl group on the opposite side of the ring at the same position, indicating a trans stereochemistry.

Sketching trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol

Represent the cyclohexane ring and place an -OH group at one carbon. Place the methyl group on the opposite face of the ring at the same position to reflect the trans configuration.

Dissecting 2,3,3-Trimethyl-2-Butanol

The name '2,3,3-trimethyl-2-butanol' refers to a four-carbon chain (butanol) with a tertiary alcohol (-OH) on the second carbon and three methyl groups. Two methyl groups are on the third carbon and one on the second carbon.

Drafting 2,3,3-Trimethyl-2-Butanol

Start from a four-carbon chain and place an -OH on the second carbon. Attach two methyl groups to the third carbon, and one methyl group to the second carbon where the -OH is attached.

Analyzing 6-sec-Butyl-7,7-diethyl-4-Decanol

The name '6-sec-butyl-7,7-diethyl-4-decanol' breaks down as a ten-carbon chain (decanol) with a secondary butyl group on the sixth carbon, two ethyl groups on the seventh carbon, and an -OH group on the fourth carbon of the main chain.

Sketching 6-sec-Butyl-7,7-Diethyl-4-Decanol

Draw a ten-carbon chain. Place the -OH group on the fourth carbon, a secondary butyl group on the sixth carbon, and two ethyl groups on the seventh carbon.

Understanding Diisobutyl Ether

Diisobutyl ether indicates an ether with two identical isobutyl (CH鈧�)_2CHCH鈧�-) groups flanking an oxygen atom, forming an ether linkage.

Drawing Diisobutyl Ether

Draw two isobutyl groups and connect them through an oxygen atom to form the ether linkage: (CH鈧�)_2CHCH鈧�-O-CH鈧侰H(CH鈧�)_2.

Interpreting 1,2-Epoxy-1,3,3-Trimethylcyclohexane

This name describes a cyclohexane ring with a three-membered epoxide ring (a cyclic ether with two carbons and an oxygen) involving the first and second carbons, along with three methyl groups at the first and third carbons of the cyclohexane.

Constructing 1,2-Epoxy-1,3,3-Trimethylcyclohexane

Draw the cyclohexane ring. Position the epoxide (triangle including an oxygen) between the first and second carbons. Place methyl groups on the first and two on the third carbon.

Breakdown of 1-Ethoxy-3-Ethylheptane

This compound is a seven-carbon alkane 'heptane' with an ethoxy group (CH鈧僀H鈧侽-) at the first position and an ethyl group at the third carbon.

Drawing 1-Ethoxy-3-Ethylheptane

Create a seven-carbon heptane chain. Add an ethoxy group at the first carbon, and position an ethyl group at the third carbon.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

Full Textbook Solutions
Get detailed explanations and key concepts
Unlimited Al creation
Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...
Ads-free access
To over 500 millions flashcards
Money-back guarantee
We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

4-Ethyl-3-Heptanol

The compound 4-Ethyl-3-Heptanol is an interesting example of IUPAC nomenclature in organic chemistry. At its core, the name describes the precise arrangement of carbon atoms and functional groups within the molecule. Here's how to break it down:

The root name "heptanol" indicates a seven-carbon main chain, which is the backbone of the molecule. The "-ol" suffix tells us there is an alcohol group (-OH) attached to one of those carbons.
The number "3" in "3-Heptanol" signifies that the alcohol group is bonded to the third carbon in the chain when counted from the end nearest the functional groups.
"4-Ethyl" indicates there is an ethyl group (CH鈧僀H鈧�-) attached to the fourth carbon of this chain. The prefix "ethyl" describes a two-carbon branch coming off the main chain.

To visualize the structure, start with a seven-carbon chain. Add the -OH functional group to the third carbon and attach an ethyl group to the fourth carbon. It is essential to count your carbons carefully to ensure accuracy in drawing the structure.

3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol

The name 3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol gives us a concise map of this chemical's structure. It tells you everything needed to accurately draw and understand the compound's molecular framework:

"Propane" signifies a three-carbon chain, the basic structure around which other elements will be attached.
The suffix "-diol" indicates two alcohol (OH) groups are present, specifically on the first and second carbons, as denoted by the numbers "1,2".
Similarly, "3-Chloro" shows there is a single chlorine atom at the third carbon. This halogen often affects the compound's reactivity.

To draw this compound, set up a three-carbon backbone. Attach -OH groups to the first and second carbons. Next, position the chlorine on the third carbon. This stepwise approach to drawing showcases how IUPAC names can unravel complex structures easily.

trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol

This compound, trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol, has a cyclohexane ring, which brings interesting geometric considerations due to its ring structure:

"Cyclohexanol" indicates a six-carbon ring with an -OH group, reminiscent of a simple benzene ring but fully saturated.
The descriptor "2-Methyl" suggests that along with the -OH at position 2, a methyl group (CH鈧�-) is also attached to this same carbon.
The "trans" configuration specifies that the -OH and methyl groups are positioned on opposite sides of the cyclohexane ring, which imparts unique physical properties to the molecule.

In terms of drawing, visualize the cyclohexane ring, then place each substituent on opposing planes for the trans orientation. This is pivotal since "cis" would have both groups on the same side, demonstrating the crucial role stereochemistry plays in molecular nomenclature and behavior.

4-Decanol

When dealing with 4-Decanol, simple but core principles of alkane modification into alcohols are expressed:

The fundamental "Decane" indicates a ten-carbon linear structure. This extended chain serves as the backbone for the chemical.
"4-Decanol" signifies the presence of a single alcohol group placed at the fourth carbon position. The placement is determined to yield the lowest possible locant numbers for priority groups.

Plotting this molecule starts with sketching a decane chain. Upon reaching the fourth carbon, an -OH group is appended. Careful numbering ensures the alcohol group is correctly positioned, showcasing how systematic IUPAC naming leads to unambiguous chemical structure understanding.

91影视