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Chapter 17: Problem 39

Which of the following statement is wrong? (1) Both methane and ethane may be obtained by a suitable one-step reaction from methyl bromide (2) Formation of alkane by the action of zinc and alkyl halide is called Frankland reaction (3) Methane on heating with steam gives carbon black (4) Kerosene is a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons

Short Answer

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Statement 3

Step by step solution

01

Analyze Statement 1

Methane (CH鈧�) and ethane (C鈧侶鈧�) can be prepared through a suitable one-step reaction from methyl bromide (CH鈧傿r). Methane can be prepared by reducing CH鈧傿r with hydrogen. Ethane can be obtained through the Wurtz reaction where two methyl bromide molecules react with sodium metal.
02

Analyze Statement 2

The reaction of zinc and alkyl halide producing alkane is known as the Frankland reaction.
03

Analyze Statement 3

Methane when heated with steam typically produces a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, known as synthesis gas, rather than carbon black.
04

Analyze Statement 4

Kerosene is indeed a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, commonly ranging from C鈧佲倐 to C鈧佲倕.
05

Identify the Incorrect Statement

After analyzing each statement, it is clear that statement 3 is incorrect as methane does not produce carbon black when heated with steam but rather synthesis gas.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Frankland reaction
The Frankland reaction is a significant process in organic chemistry where alkanes are formed by the action of a zinc metal with alkyl halides. In this reaction, zinc acts as a reducing agent. Here鈥檚 a simple representation:

Zn + 2R-X 鈫� R-R + ZnX鈧�

Where R-X represents the alkyl halide, and R-R is the resulting alkane. One key aspect is that this reaction is useful in forming alkanes with longer carbon chains from alkyl halides.
Wurtz reaction
The Wurtz reaction is a well-known method for synthesizing alkanes by coupling two alkyl halides in the presence of sodium. Here's the basic equation:

2R-X + 2Na 鈫� R-R + 2NaX

In this process, two molecules of an alkyl halide react with sodium metal to produce a higher alkane and sodium halide. For example, when methyl bromide (CH鈧傿r) is used, ethane (C鈧侶鈧�) and sodium bromide (NaBr) are produced. This reaction is particularly useful in forming symmetrical alkanes and provides a straightforward pathway to extend the carbon chain.
Synthesis gas
Synthesis gas, often known as syngas, is a crucial mixture comprising mainly hydrogen (H鈧�) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is commonly produced from methane (CH鈧�) through a process called steam reforming. The chemical equation for this reaction is:

CH鈧� + H鈧侽 鈫� CO + 3H鈧�

Syngas serves as a fundamental intermediate in producing various chemicals and fuels. It鈥檚 extensively used in the Fischer-Tropsch process to manufacture liquid hydrocarbons and in the production of methanol, hydrogen fuel, and ammonia. Understanding the production and use of synthesis gas is vital in industrial chemistry.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen, arranged in straight or branched chains, but not in rings. They can be divided into three main categories:
  • Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons): They have single bonds between carbon atoms, following the general formula CnH鈧俷+鈧�. Examples include methane (CH鈧�) and butane (C鈧凥鈧佲個).
  • Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons): These contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms, with a general formula of CnH鈧俷. For example, ethene (C鈧侶鈧�).
  • Alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons): These have at least one triple bond between carbon atoms, adhering to the formula CnH鈧俷鈭掆倐. Acetylene (C鈧侶鈧�) is a well-known alkyne.
Kerosene, a common fuel, is a mixture of several aliphatic hydrocarbons, typically containing molecules in the range of C鈧佲倐 to C鈧佲倕.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

To prepare a pure sample of n-hexane using sodium metal as one reactant, the other reactants will be (1) ethyl chloride and \(\mathrm{n}\) -butyl chloride (2) methyl bromide and n-pentyl bromide (3) n-propyl bromide (4) ethyl bromide and \(\mathrm{n}\) -butyl bromide

Which of the following alkanes cannot be synthesised by the Wurtz reaction in good yield? (1) \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CII} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (2) \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CII} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2}\) (3) \(\mathrm{CII}_{3} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}_{3}\) (4) \(\left(\mathrm{CII}_{3}\right)_{3} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}_{2} \mathrm{CII}_{3}\)

During the preparation of alkanes by Kolbe's electrolytic method using inert electrodes, the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of the electrolyte (1) decreases progressively as the reaction proceeds (2) increases progressively as the reaction procecds (3) remains constant through the reaction (4) may decrease if the concentration of the clectrolyte is not very high

\(\Lambda\) mixture of cthyl iodide and n-propyl iodide is subjected to Wurtz reaction. The hydrocarbon which will not be formed is (1) butanc (2) propanc (3) pentane (4) hexane

The treatment of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Mg} \mathrm{X}\) with \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CH}\) produces (1) \(\mathbf{C H}_{4}\) (2) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (3) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{C} \equiv \mathrm{CCH}_{3}\) (4) \(\mathbf{C H}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}\)
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