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Chapter 16: Problem 28

Optically active isomers are called (1) Epimers (2) Anomers (3) Conformers (4) Enantiomers

Short Answer

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Enantiomers

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding Optically Active Isomers

Optically active isomers are compounds that can rotate plane-polarized light. These isomers exist in pairs with opposite effects on light.
02

- Define the Options

Define each term: Epimers (isomers differing at one of several chiral centers), Anomers (isomers differing at the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon), Conformers (isomers that can interconvert by rotation about single bonds), Enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images).
03

- Identify Optically Active Isomers

Optically active isomers must be enantiomers because they are non-superimposable mirror images that rotate plane-polarized light.
04

- Verify the Correct Answer

Compare definitions to the property of optical activity and find that only enantiomers fit this description.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

enantiomers
Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomer. They are mirror images of each other, but unlike a pair of shoes, they can't be superimposed onto each other. Imagine your hands 鈥� they're mirror images, but no matter how you turn them, you can't make them identical.
One key point about enantiomers is that they have identical physical properties, like melting points and boiling points. However, they differ in the way they interact with polarized light.
Enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions: one rotates it to the right (dextrorotatory), and the other to the left (levorotatory). This ability to rotate light makes enantiomers optically active.
optical activity
Optical activity refers to a compound's ability to rotate plane-polarized light. When light passes through a solution of an optically active substance, it can change the direction of its polarization.
This occurs because the compound's molecular structure is asymmetric, causing different interactions with the light's electric field.
A few important points about optical activity:
  • The same substance can have two forms, known as enantiomers, which rotate light in opposite directions.
  • The degree of rotation is measured using a polarimeter.
  • The substance's concentration and the length of the light path through the solution affect how much the light is rotated.
isomerism
Isomerism is when compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures or arrangements of atoms. There are several types of isomerism:
  • Structural Isomerism: Compounds differ in the way atoms are bonded. This includes chain, position, and functional group isomerism.
  • Stereoisomerism: Compounds have the same sequence of bonded atoms but different 3D orientations. This includes geometric isomers (cis-trans) and optical isomers (like enantiomers).
Optically active isomers, specifically, refer to stereoisomers that can rotate plane-polarized light. The concept of enantiomers fits into this category. This is crucial in understanding the broader concept of isomerism.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The necessary and sufficient condition for a molecule to be optically active is that (1) it must contain asymmetric carbon atoms. (2) it must be asymmetric. (3) it must be identical with its mirror image. (4) it must be nonidentical with its mirror image.

Two optically active isomers of a substance which are related to each other as plane mirror image of each other are called (1) Enantiomers (2) Metamers (3) Diastereomers (4) None

Lactic acid shows optical activity in (1) solution state (2) liquid state (3) crystalline state (4) all states

The number of stcreoisomers for pent-3-en-2-ol is (1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 5

Addition of \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\) to trans-butene-2 gives (1) a racemic mixture of 2,3 -dibromo butane. (2) meso form of 2,3 -dibromo butane. (3) dextro form of 2,3 -dibromo butane. (4) laevo form of 2,3 -dibromo butane.
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