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Chapter 13: Problem 31

Silicon hydrides are named as (1) Silicones (2) Silicates (3) Silicols (4) Silanes

Short Answer

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Silanes

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding the Given Terms

Identify and understand the chemical compounds mentioned in the choices: Silicones, Silicates, Silicols, and Silanes.
02

- Analyzing Silicon Compounds

Silicones are polymeric compounds containing Si-O-Si linkages, generally used in sealants and lubricants. Silicates are salts containing silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, commonly found in minerals. Silicols are not a common term in chemistry.
03

- Identifying Hydrides

Hydrides of silicon are those compounds where silicon is directly bonded to hydrogen. The correct term for such compounds is 'Silanes'.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Silicon Compounds
Silicon is a versatile element found in numerous compounds with varying properties. It reacts with oxygen, hydrogen, and metals to form different types of chemical substances. Understanding silicon compounds can be tricky but essential for grasping broader concepts in chemistry.
Silicones, for example, are silicon-based polymers that contain Si-O-Si linkages. These are not individual molecules but long chains of repeated units. They are widely used in sealants, adhesives, and lubricants due to their flexibility and resistance to water and heat.
  • Silicates, on the other hand, are salts composed of silicon and oxygen, often combined with metals. These are commonly found in minerals and rocks, including quartz.
  • Silicols, despite being mentioned in the exercise, are not a recognized term in chemistry and should not be confused with silicones or silicates.
Knowing the different silicon compounds and their uses is crucial for this topic.
Silanes
Silanes are a specific group of silicon compounds where silicon is bonded directly to hydrogen atoms. The general formula for silanes is SiHn, where 'n' can vary. Silanes are similar to alkanes in organic chemistry, but they contain silicon instead of carbon.
Here are a few key points to know about silanes:
  • Basic Structure: The simplest silane is silane (SiH4), which is analogous to methane (CH4).
  • Properties: Silanes are generally colorless, flammable gases with strong reducing properties.
  • Applications: Silanes are used in the production of high-purity silicon for the semiconductor industry, as well as in polymer synthesis and surface treatments.
Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical nomenclature refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on their composition and structure. Proper naming helps scientists communicate unambiguously about specific substances.
In the context of silicon hydrides:
  • The suffix '-ane' is used to denote single bonds between the atoms. Therefore, 'silane' indicates a compound where silicon is single-bonded to hydrogen.
  • Prefixes: When multiple silicon atoms are present, prefixes like di-, tri-, etc., are used (e.g., disilane (Si2H6), trisilane (Si3H8)).
  • Hydrides Naming: Compounds formed by hydrogen with another element are called hydrides. Thus, combining silicon with hydrogen creates silanes.
Being proficient in chemical nomenclature is essential for anyone studying chemistry, as it ensures clear communication and understanding of different compounds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following is not an amorphous form of silica? (1) Kieselghur (2) Agate (3) Jaspar (4) Crystoballite

In the last shell of an atom two electrons are present in s-orbital and two electrons are present in p-orbital, but found in very small quantity in the earth crust. The element is (1) \(\mathbf{C}\) (2) \(\mathrm{Si}\) (3) Ge (4) \(\mathrm{Pb}\)

Which of the following statements is falsc? (1) Diamond and graphitc have different lattice structures. (2) Diamond is the purest form and graphite is the impurc form of carbon. (3) Diamond can be used as an abrasive while graphite can be used as a lubricant. (4) Both on burning in air give \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\).

The catenation tendency \(\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\) is in the order \(\mathrm{Gc}<\mathrm{Si}<\mathrm{C}\). The bond energics (in \(\mathrm{kJ} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\) ) of \(\mathrm{C}\) C, Si Si and Ge Ge bonds respectively are (1) \(167,180,348\) (2) \(180,167,348\) (3) \(348,167,180\) (4) \(348,180,167\)

The clements of IVA group have 4 clectrons in their outermost orbit. They (1) form \(\mathrm{M}^{4+}\) ions (2) form \(\mathrm{M}^{4+}\) and \(\mathrm{M}^{4}\) ions. (3) exhibit oxidation states of \(+4\) and \(+2\). (4) exhibit oxidation states of \(+4\).
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